{"@context":"http://iiif.io/api/presentation/3/context.json","id":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/iiif/bn9x05xw76/manifest","type":"Manifest","label":{"en":["Cycowsky, Josef"]},"logo":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/organizations/logo_images/000/000/115/original/Boxed_Milken_Center_logo.png?1628711583","metadata":[{"label":{"en":["Preferred Citation"]},"value":{"en":["\u003cp\u003eCycowski, Josef R. 1995. Interview by Neil Levin and Barry Serota. Milken Archive Oral History Project. 29 June.\u003c/p\u003e"]}},{"label":{"en":["Publisher"]},"value":{"en":["Milken Family Foundation"]}},{"label":{"en":["Rights Statement"]},"value":{"en":["\u003cp\u003e© Milken Family Foundation. Unauthorized use is prohibited. For inquiries, please contact info@milkenarchive.org.\u003c/p\u003e"]}},{"label":{"en":["Agent"]},"value":{"en":["Josef R. Cycowski (Cantor/Hazzan)","Neil W. Levin (Interviewer)","Barry Serota (Interviewer)"]}},{"label":{"en":["Date"]},"value":{"en":["1995-06-29 (captured)"]}},{"label":{"en":["Coverage"]},"value":{"en":["Palm Springs, CA (Place of Recording)"]}},{"label":{"en":["Language"]},"value":{"en":["English"]}},{"label":{"en":["Description"]},"value":{"en":["\u003cp\u003eOral history interview with Josef (Roman) Cycowski detailing his life as a singer of opera and popular music in Europe, and as a cantor in the United States. Born into a Hasidic family in Lodz, Cycowski's early musical training came as a choirboy (meshorer). He moved to Germany in 1921 to become an opera singer and joined the popular vocal sextet, the Comedian Harmonists in 1927. He immigrated to the U.S. in 1941 and served as a cantor in Los Angeles, San Francisco, and Palm Springs.\u003c/p\u003e (summary)"]}},{"label":{"en":["Format"]},"value":{"en":["Beta SP"]}},{"label":{"en":["Subject"]},"value":{"en":["Jews—Music (topical term)","Cycowski, Josef R., 1901-1998 (Person or Corporate Body)","Comedian Harmonists (Musical group) (Person or Corporate Body)"]}},{"label":{"en":["Keyword"]},"value":{"en":["Abraham Wolf Binder (1895-1966), cantor, Comedian Harmonists, Darius Milhaud (1892-1974), Edward Stark (1856–1918), Łódź (Poland), Los Angeles (Calif.), Louis Lewandowski (1821-1894), 5–1978), Marc Lavry (1903–1967), opera, Paul Discount, Salomon Sulzer (1804-1890), San Francisco (Calif.), synagogue"]}}],"summary":{"en":["\u003cp\u003eOral history interview with Josef (Roman) Cycowski detailing his life as a singer of opera and popular music in Europe, and as a cantor in the United States. Born into a Hasidic family in Lodz, Cycowski's early musical training came as a choirboy (meshorer). He moved to Germany in 1921 to become an opera singer and joined the popular vocal sextet, the Comedian Harmonists in 1927. He immigrated to the U.S. in 1941 and served as a cantor in Los Angeles, San Francisco, and Palm Springs.\u003c/p\u003e"]},"requiredStatement":{"label":{"en":["Attribution"]},"value":{"en":["\u003cp\u003e\u0026copy; Milken Family Foundation. Unauthorized use is prohibited. For inquiries, please contact info@milkenarchive.org.\u003c/p\u003e"]}},"provider":[{"id":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/aboutus","type":"Agent","label":{"en":["Lowell Milken Center for Music of American Jewish Experience"]},"homepage":[{"id":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/","type":"Text","label":{"en":["Lowell Milken Center for Music of American Jewish Experience"]},"format":"text/html"}],"logo":[{"id":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/organizations/logo_images/000/000/115/original/Boxed_Milken_Center_logo.png?1628711583","type":"Image"}]}],"thumbnail":[{"id":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/collection_resource_files/thumbnails/000/116/789/small/A041-S052.jpg?1651683875","type":"Image","format":"image/jpeg"}],"items":[{"id":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/43696/file/116789","type":"Canvas","label":{"en":["Media File 1 of 1 - L3432_MA_2005_OH_Josef_Cykowsky_2017_Logo.mp4"]},"duration":2732.50133,"width":640,"height":360,"thumbnail":[{"id":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/collection_resource_files/thumbnails/000/116/789/small/A041-S052.jpg?1651683875","type":"Image","format":"image/jpeg"}],"items":[{"id":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/43696/file/116789/content/1","type":"AnnotationPage","items":[{"id":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/43696/file/116789/content/1/annotation/1","type":"Annotation","motivation":"painting","body":{"id":"https://aviary-p-milken.s3.wasabisys.com/collection_resource_files/resource_files/000/116/789/original/L3432_MA_2005_OH_Josef_Cykowsky_2017_Logo.mp4?1622909706","type":"Video","format":"video/mp4","duration":2732.50133,"width":640,"height":360},"target":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/43696/file/116789","metadata":[]}]}],"annotations":[{"id":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/43696/file/116789/transcript/36927","type":"AnnotationPage","label":{"en":["Cycowksi-Josef-Roman-05-04-2022 [Transcript]"]},"items":[{"id":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/43696/file/116789/transcript/36927/annotation/1","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"LEVIN:  I want to thank you for inviting us to your home and talking with us for a little while.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eCYCOWSKI:  It’s a great pleasure.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eLEVIN:  You, you’ve had an incredibly distinguished career.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eCYCOWSKI:  Yeah.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eLEVIN:  And I see that you began by an unusual thing — you had, you have two birthdays.  I’ve never met anyone with two birthdays.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/43696/file/116789#t=16.0,33.0"},{"id":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/43696/file/116789/transcript/36927/annotation/2","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"CYCOWSKI:  Two birthdays, yeah.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eLEVIN:  How do you get two birthdays?\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eCYCOWSKI:  Yeah, yes.  My birthday is January 24.  Next, next January.  I’ll be 95.  But I’m actually already, I am already at 95.  Because I was, I was born in April, not in January.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/43696/file/116789#t=33.0,54.0"},{"id":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/43696/file/116789/transcript/36927/annotation/3","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"LEVIN:  And how did, how did it happen that you…\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eCYCOWSKI:  Well, you know, the old Russian, Russian time, you know.  They were, they registered me six months later, or eight months later, than when I was born.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eSEROTA:  Where were you born?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/43696/file/116789#t=54.0,70.0"},{"id":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/43696/file/116789/transcript/36927/annotation/4","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"CYCOWSKI:  In Lodz, Poland.  It’s now Poland, you know.  Lodz.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eLEVIN:  And at that time it was Poland as well?\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eCYCOWSKI:  No, it was Russian.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eLEVIN:  And you know what?  You, of course, are known to, to even to us, here in America, as a member of that famous singing group.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/43696/file/116789#t=70.0,89.0"},{"id":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/43696/file/116789/transcript/36927/annotation/5","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"CYCOWSKI:  Group, yeah.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eLEVIN:  But before that…\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eCYCOWSKI:  Yeah.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eLEVIN:  I’m interested to talk to you about your cantorial, about your hazzanut, about your Hassidic childhood and so forth.  This began while you were in, as a child in Lodz?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/43696/file/116789#t=89.0,104.0"},{"id":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/43696/file/116789/transcript/36927/annotation/6","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eCYCOWSKI:\u003c/strong\u003e Yes, I, when I was a young boy already, I officiate for talented people.  As a hazzanim.  But see later, I start music, you know.  And I got more interested in music.  And when my voice, when I let my voice, voice change, I start to conduct choruses.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/43696/file/116789#t=104.0,129.0"},{"id":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/43696/file/116789/transcript/36927/annotation/7","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"SEROTA:  When you were a child…\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eCYCOWSKI:  Yeah.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eSEROTA:  …you sang as a meshorer in choir?\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eCYCOWSKI:  As a meshorer, yah.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eSEROTA:  Who did you sing with?\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eCYCOWSKI:  Many years.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eSEROTA:  Who did you sing with?\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eCYCOWSKI:  I sang… yah.  I start singing in Lodz.  Moshe Stesserer in the Vinke Shul.  I sang in a Deutsche Shul with Altman.  Then I sang in the Alshtetter Shul, Yassa Levitch.  A Russian cantor, a great cantor.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/43696/file/116789#t=129.0,157.0"},{"id":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/43696/file/116789/transcript/36927/annotation/8","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Then, some cantors tried to get new positions.  So they put together a choir.  So they came to my father, to let me, to allow me to travel with them.  And I traveled for almost eight years with hazzanim.  That was in Pieterkoff, Rdonsk, Radom.  Of course, I was also a Yeshiva bokher.  Yah.  In Lodz, in Yeshiva, yah.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/43696/file/116789#t=157.0,187.0"},{"id":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/43696/file/116789/transcript/36927/annotation/9","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"When the war broke out, you know, in 1914, the Yeshiva was, of course, and, and I had to go home.  But I continued to study, you know, Talmud.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/43696/file/116789#t=187.0,199.0"},{"id":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/43696/file/116789/transcript/36927/annotation/10","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And in 1920, I was drafted in the Army, the Polish Army.  I was in the orchestra, played bassoon, you know.  You see.  And but then, then they prepared an offensive against the Russians, the Bolsheviks, you know.  So I decided to mach to my, make vaeyvrach, to leave.  ‘Cause it was very — anti-Semitism was over there, in, in the Army, in ’20.  And I left over the border to Germany.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/43696/file/116789#t=199.0,245.0"},{"id":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/43696/file/116789/transcript/36927/annotation/11","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"In Germany, I was, what did I start to —I went to synagogue, of course, to be a cantor.  So I sang in the synagogue.  And, and one day, one of the, they said, “Why don’t you go to the State Theater?”  You have a good voice.  My voice already start to develop, you know.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/43696/file/116789#t=245.0,268.0"},{"id":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/43696/file/116789/transcript/36927/annotation/12","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I went to, to the, to the State Theater, and they tested me about my music, and they found it — and the kapellmeister — the orchestra leader, you know — said to the director, Hector Knapp, “This man I must have.  He is very musical and he’s a great support to my, in my work,” and so on.  So I started.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/43696/file/116789#t=268.0,288.0"},{"id":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/43696/file/116789/transcript/36927/annotation/13","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And they gave me small parts to sing in the, that opera, operetta, and schauspiel — that’s the drama there.  And I had to, to continue, I mean, as a, you know, ‘cause it was a small, small city.  It was, the city was Borden.  Now, it belongs now to Poland.  Eshrezien.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/43696/file/116789#t=288.0,320.0"},{"id":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/43696/file/116789/transcript/36927/annotation/14","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And from there, in 1924, I sang already, I started in the meantime, my voice developed baritone, and I started, and I was already a soloist.  I sang almost 14 parts.  Mostly Italian parts, you know, like a Traviata, Travetore, Rigoletto, and so on and so on.  And also German operas.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/43696/file/116789#t=320.0,350.0"},{"id":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/43696/file/116789/transcript/36927/annotation/15","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Till — but in between, my late father, who was killed, by the way, by the Poles, you know, during the war — he always told me — he was a Orthodox Jew, a Hassid.  And he always wrote me a letter, “Don’t forget who you are.  And don’t, and if you have to be a singer, be a cantor, be a hazzan.”  So I promised him, one day I’m going to be a cantor.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/43696/file/116789#t=350.0,380.0"},{"id":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/43696/file/116789/transcript/36927/annotation/16","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eSEROTA:\u003c/strong\u003e What year was that?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/43696/file/116789#t=380.0,397.0"},{"id":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/43696/file/116789/transcript/36927/annotation/17","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eCYCOWSKI:\u003c/strong\u003e 1928.  ’27.  And they engaged me over there as a cantor, ober cantor.  First cantor.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eUnfortunate, the assistant cantor over there, Parklein[?} was his name, he was jealous of me, ‘cause I was young, and he was much older, that he didn’t get the position as a first cantor.  And he tried to talk against me, and that I’m not very religious, I eat not kosher, and so on and so on and so on.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/43696/file/116789#t=397.0,430.0"},{"id":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/43696/file/116789/transcript/36927/annotation/18","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Finally, I, I got tired of it, and I left.  I left.  After a year being cantor there, I left.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eAnd then, while I left, I met some of my later colleagues, you know.  And they asked me if I would join with them to build a group like the Americans, travel, The Revelers  I said, yes, I may be interested.  And they listened to me, they knew my voice, and my musical intelligence.  So we start in 1928.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/43696/file/116789#t=430.0,473.0"},{"id":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/43696/file/116789/transcript/36927/annotation/19","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"This story, is by the way, I have here two books written about me.  Later, my wife will show, she’ll show you the books.  And one in, I’m in as a cantor there.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/43696/file/116789#t=473.0,487.0"},{"id":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/43696/file/116789/transcript/36927/annotation/20","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And then, so we started with the group, and the group grew, grew, grew.  Bigger, bigger, bigger.  Big money.  And we, we, we came to America in 1934.  Elaine Droxy, you know, brought us to, to America, you know.  Atlantic City.  And I stayed there 13 weeks.  Then went back to Germany.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/43696/file/116789#t=487.0,512.0"},{"id":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/43696/file/116789/transcript/36927/annotation/21","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And finally, Hitler time, Hitler started, and we were three Jews and three non-Jews in the group.  And we knew that we can’t continue.  We would have to separate.  And we did separate, 1935, April ’35.  The three non-Jews went to Vienna and rebuilt a new, the group Comidian Harmonists. He kept the name, you know.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/43696/file/116789#t=512.0,546.0"},{"id":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/43696/file/116789/transcript/36927/annotation/22","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And we still, and we were, we got very famous, all over the world, seven years long.  Twice in Australia, South Africa and Russia and Italy.  The South American countries all.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/43696/file/116789#t=546.0,560.0"},{"id":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/43696/file/116789/transcript/36927/annotation/23","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Till 194-, you know the war broke out, and I got tired of this kind of singing.  I want to be a cantor.  I promised my father.  My father was killed from the Poles on the street in Lodz.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/43696/file/116789#t=560.0,576.0"},{"id":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/43696/file/116789/transcript/36927/annotation/24","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And so I said to my colleagues, “I’m sorry, I give you three months’ time to replace me, and I’m going to Los Angeles, and I’m going to be a cantor.”  And this is what I did.  This is what 194-, 1941.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/43696/file/116789#t=576.0,591.0"},{"id":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/43696/file/116789/transcript/36927/annotation/25","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I came to Los Angeles, and I was introduced to Rabbi, the late Rabbi Nevis, he’s the, he took over to the Shaarei Tefila, the synagogue Shaarei Tefila.  And at that time, it was the Western Jewish Institute.  And he introduced, he introduced me, and they engaged me.  And I stayed with them seven years.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/43696/file/116789#t=591.0,612.0"},{"id":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/43696/file/116789/transcript/36927/annotation/26","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And after the seven years, I decided I wanted to be in a more Conservative temple, where I can use my music.  I was a musical \u003cINAUDIBLE\u003e.  And I was offered a position in San Francisco.  Temple Beth Israel, the oldest Conservative congregation in the, in California.  And I, so I went, I took the position over there, and I stayed 25 years.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/43696/file/116789#t=612.0,639.0"},{"id":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/43696/file/116789/transcript/36927/annotation/27","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"After 25 years, my congregation had to change, say, they, because of the neighborhood, a Negro neighborhood, and they, they merged with a Reform temple.  And they called it Beth Israel Judea.  They still call it the same name.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/43696/file/116789#t=639.0,660.0"},{"id":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/43696/file/116789/transcript/36927/annotation/28","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"After two years, I realized that I didn’t like that, I was not happy with that rabbi.  ‘Cause he was very, very Reform.  You know, like for example, he, in Hanukkah, in the evening, Friday night, 8:00, he took a match out and light the candles.  On Shabbes.  So I, I said, “Look, layist iv sruchas.”[?]  And so I said to my, I made up my mind, I’m going to leave.  And I asked for my retirement.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/43696/file/116789#t=660.0,692.0"},{"id":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/43696/file/116789/transcript/36927/annotation/29","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And I stayed another two years with them, and I retired.  And I came to Palm Springs.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eCame to Palm Springs, say after one year, the High Holy Days I officiated here at temple there.  The Rabbi Holweiss he called me, if I am interested.  And I’m already 75 years old.  And they engaged me.  So I said I can stay about five years, maybe.  I stayed ten years.  And I finally found a substitute for me, a young man, he’s still cantor now, here.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/43696/file/116789#t=692.0,730.0"},{"id":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/43696/file/116789/transcript/36927/annotation/30","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"But I continued, because they organized an Orthodox congregation also.  To Conservative Reform.  And I was a Orthodox cantor.  Till ad hayom, till today.  You know.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/43696/file/116789#t=730.0,746.0"},{"id":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/43696/file/116789/transcript/36927/annotation/31","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"But this year, but the last six months, I didn’t go to the temple because I didn’t feel so good.  Because of my, my kidney condition, you know, and the treatments, and so on and so on.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eSo that’s, this is the whole story.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/43696/file/116789#t=746.0,763.0"},{"id":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/43696/file/116789/transcript/36927/annotation/32","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"LEVIN:  I want to ask you when you were, you mentioned you were in Dresden.  In Dresden, when you were a cantor in Dresden…\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eCYCOWSKI:  In Dresden, yeah.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eLEVIN:  …in Dresden, did, do you recall the name of…\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eCYCOWSKI:  Ober cantor.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eLEVIN:  Ober cantor…","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/43696/file/116789#t=763.0,779.0"},{"id":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/43696/file/116789/transcript/36927/annotation/33","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"CYCOWSKI:  Ober cantor Cycowski.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eLEVIN:  Yeah.  Was there somebody there by the name of Hofstein?  Rafael Hofstein?\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eCYCOWSKI:  He was retired.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eLEVIN:  He was already retired.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eCYCOWSKI:  Hofstein retired.  You know, Hofstein introduced me, you know, and I took his place.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eLEVIN:  I see.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/43696/file/116789#t=779.0,792.0"},{"id":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/43696/file/116789/transcript/36927/annotation/34","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eCYCOWSKI:\u003c/strong\u003e But it’s his assistant, Parklein, he wanted the first position.  And he started talk against me, and so, so, so — I was young, and I was 26 years old, 27 years old.  So I, I said, “I’m going back to opera.”  ‘Cause I sang opera, you know, at the time.  But then became the group, my group, the Comidian Harmonists.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/43696/file/116789#t=792.0,815.0"},{"id":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/43696/file/116789/transcript/36927/annotation/35","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"LEVIN:  Now, did the Harmonists do any Jewish music ever?\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eCYCOWSKI:  Never.  Never Jewish music.  I made one song on a record, we have the record here.  Because the Victrola, who made those records, you know, they wanted from me a Jewish song, a cantorial piece.  So I sang at that time, it was what?  Eight, nine years ago.  Sh’ma Yisrael by Binder.  The song.  Binder’s song is still… and my picture as a cantor was, is on the record.  But the record is a, a fast record, you know — many songs it’s on.  And I sang, and it’s pretty good.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/43696/file/116789#t=815.0,860.0"},{"id":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/43696/file/116789/transcript/36927/annotation/36","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"LEVIN:  No, never any Yiddish folk music, or anything like that?\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eCYCOWSKI:  The only song was this song.  Boyde Shaloilem, you know.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eLEVIN:  What kind of repertory did the Harmonists do?\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eCYCOWSKI:  International.  All three, four languages, you know.  Of course, German.  English.  French.  Spanish.  Russian.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/43696/file/116789#t=860.0,884.0"},{"id":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/43696/file/116789/transcript/36927/annotation/37","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Levin:  Folk music?\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eCYCOWSKI:  Folk music, folk music, too, yeah.  And jazz.  We were at that time jazz singers.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eI remember when we came to New York, 1934, the critics were told that we are the best in that line, and so on and so on.  But we, even, it was a pity that the group broke up.  If we wouldn’t break up, and we would stay together, we would conquer the world, you know, at the time.  But we, they, we called ourselves, world famous already.  You see, the books tell this.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/43696/file/116789#t=884.0,925.0"},{"id":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/43696/file/116789/transcript/36927/annotation/38","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"LEVIN:  The three people, the three non-Jews…\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eCYCOWSKI:  Yeah.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eLEVIN:  …who then reformulated the group with…\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eCYCOWSKI:  Reform it, yeah.  The three non-Jews, yeah.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eLEVIN:  All right.  Were they, would you say were they supportive or, of the Jewish singers in the group, or did they sympathize with the, with the Nazis?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/43696/file/116789#t=925.0,944.0"},{"id":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/43696/file/116789/transcript/36927/annotation/39","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"CYCOWSKI:  Oh, no, they didn’t sympathize.  No, no, no.  Even those who separate from us were not Nazis.  They were not Nazis.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eLEVIN:  Did you ever keep any contact with them after the war?\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eCYCOWSKI:  I beg your pardon?\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eLEVIN:  Did you have contact with them after the war?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/43696/file/116789#t=944.0,958.0"},{"id":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/43696/file/116789/transcript/36927/annotation/40","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eCYCOWSKI:\u003c/strong\u003e Oh, yeah, yeah, yeah, we, yes.  The last one who died was Biberti, Robert Biberti.  We were very close friends, too.  And you know, he corresponded with me, you know, all the time, yah.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/43696/file/116789#t=958.0,974.0"},{"id":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/43696/file/116789/transcript/36927/annotation/41","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"LEVIN:  And I have one more question about your coming here.  You came directly to Los Angeles from, from Vienna?\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eCYCOWSKI:  Yeah.  I broke up the group, and I came to Los Angeles and went into Shaarei Tefila, to the synagogue.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eLEVIN:  What made you come to Los Angeles, instead of New York, I mean?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/43696/file/116789#t=974.0,989.0"},{"id":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/43696/file/116789/transcript/36927/annotation/42","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eCYCOWSKI:\u003c/strong\u003e Because I had, at that time, a second cousin, and I saved up some money, you know.  And I didn’t know what to do.  So he talked me into going with him in business.  And he bought a nightclub.  In Indio here, not far from here.  And I didn’t know what a nightclub was, and so on.  Anyway, I didn’t know what to do.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/43696/file/116789#t=989.0,1012.0"},{"id":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/43696/file/116789/transcript/36927/annotation/43","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So finally, after six months, the nightclub went broke, ‘cause the war broke out, and I lost all my money, my savings.  And then was the time when I went into Shaarei Tefila, in the synagogue.  Za pier, da tol jude [?].  If you’re poor, you go the Judaism.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/43696/file/116789#t=1012.0,1031.0"},{"id":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/43696/file/116789/transcript/36927/annotation/44","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"SEROTA:  Could we go back for a moment to your childhood?\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eCYCOWSKI:  Eh?\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eSEROTA:  Could we go back to your childhood?\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eCYCOWSKI:  Yeah, my childhood.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eSEROTA:  In Lodz.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eCYCOWSKI:  In Lodz.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eSEROTA:  Who were the choir directors in those synagogues in Lodz where you sang?\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eCYCOWSKI:  I sang, oh — in one synagogue was the son-in-law of the cantor.  He was later cantor, also.  I think Drujansky in the German synagogue.  With Altman where I was.  Zavel Zilbertz was one of them.  You know, he changed each time he davenned there.  And frankly, I’ve forgotten a little bit, you know.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/43696/file/116789#t=1031.0,1078.0"},{"id":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/43696/file/116789/transcript/36927/annotation/45","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"SEROTA:  Did you know Zilbertz?\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eCYCOWSKI:  Eh?\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eSEROTA:  Did you know Zilbertz?\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eCYCOWSKI:  I, yeah, I studied with Zilbertz, harmony.  He studied with me.  Zavel Zilbertz, yeah.  I was one of his pupils, yah.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eSEROTA:  What kind of conductor was he?\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eCYCOWSKI:  He was a conductor, he was… a conductor.  He wasn’t nothing special, but he was a conductor.  But his, but his musicianship was great.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/43696/file/116789#t=1078.0,1104.0"},{"id":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/43696/file/116789/transcript/36927/annotation/46","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"SEROTA:  When we were speaking before, you mentioned to me that you conducted for Zilbertz.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eCYCOWSKI:  I conducted one year, one year, the High Holy Days, he officiate as a cantor, Zilbertz.  And he engaged me to conduct his choir.  I had a good, big repertoire, and so on.  And I was talented, you know, as a young man, you know.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/43696/file/116789#t=1104.0,1129.0"},{"id":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/43696/file/116789/transcript/36927/annotation/47","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"LEVIN:  In Lodz?\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eCYCOWSKI:  In Lodz.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eSEROTA:  How big a choir was it?\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eCYCOWSKI:  Oh, a big choir.  It was a big choir.  We had a mixed choir.  Children, you know.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eSEROTA:  Boys.  Only boys.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eCYCOWSKI:  Boys, boys, no, no, no.  Men, too.  Mixed choir.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eLEVIN:  Yeah, but no women.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eCYCOWSKI:  Eh?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/43696/file/116789#t=1129.0,1146.0"},{"id":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/43696/file/116789/transcript/36927/annotation/48","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"LEVIN:  No women.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eCYCOWSKI:  No women, no, no, no.  We never had women there.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eLEVIN:  How many boys?\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eCYCOWSKI:  How many boys?  About 20 boys.  But ten sopranos, ten altos.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eLEVIN:  Now you, you say your family was Hassidic.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eCYCOWSKI:  Hassidic.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/43696/file/116789#t=1146.0,1164.0"},{"id":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/43696/file/116789/transcript/36927/annotation/49","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"LEVIN:  Your father was a Hassid.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eCYCOWSKI:  Oh, yeah.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eLEVIN:  Of one of the, one of the dynasties in…\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eCYCOWSKI:  Yeah, yeah.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eLEVIN:  …in that area, in Poland.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eCYCOWSKI:  In Lodz, yeah.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eLEVIN:  In Lodz.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eCYCOWSKI:  He was a Gerer hassid.  Ger.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eLEVIN:  A Ger.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eCYCOWSKI:  He knows.  Nate knows, yeah.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eLEVIN:   All right.  But you didn’t follow, I mean, there wasn’t pressure for you to remain in the Ger Hassidim?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/43696/file/116789#t=1164.0,1184.0"},{"id":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/43696/file/116789/transcript/36927/annotation/50","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eCYCOWSKI:\u003c/strong\u003e No, no.  Because, because through my, I was very musical as a little boy already.  I sang mu-, already notes and so on.  Then I started to play violin, you know.  And I was too much in the music involved, you know.  So it kept me away a little bit.  And my father said I’m the black sheep in the family, you know.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/43696/file/116789#t=1184.0,1207.0"},{"id":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/43696/file/116789/transcript/36927/annotation/51","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"SEROTA:  Didn’t you study hazzanut as a youngster, or as a young…\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eCYCOWSKI:  As a youngster, yah.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eSEROTA:  Who’d you study with?\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eCYCOWSKI:  I didn’t study.  I picked up from the hazzanim, you know.  From records, from Kwartin, Sirota and so on.  And I imitate them.  As a little boy, I had a nice coloratura as a little boy, ‘cause I was an alto, you know.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/43696/file/116789#t=1207.0,1229.0"},{"id":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/43696/file/116789/transcript/36927/annotation/52","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"SEROTA:  Did you ever study formally hazzanut with anyone?\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eCYCOWSKI:  Yes.  One man, that was Janofsky.  Sheitel Janofsky.  He was the brother of the famous chess, famous player named David Janofsky.  And he was the father of Max Janofsky, that, who, he passed away, you know.  Great, great musician.  Max Janofsky, you know.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/43696/file/116789#t=1229.0,1255.0"},{"id":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/43696/file/116789/transcript/36927/annotation/53","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I have a letter from him.  He wanted to come to San Francisco to me.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eLEVIN:  Now, we have lots of interesting pictures here.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eCYCOWSKI:  Oh, this is, so many.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eLEVIN:  Some of them we’ll pick out with you…\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eCYCOWSKI:  This is, this is just a group came from Germany.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/43696/file/116789#t=1255.0,1273.0"},{"id":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/43696/file/116789/transcript/36927/annotation/54","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"SEROTA:  These are earlier.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eCYCOWSKI:  Yeah, this, let me see.  Yeah.  This was already the group when we separate, separate.  See, the new group.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eSEROTA:  Oh, I see.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eCYCOWSKI:  Yah, yah.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eSEROTA:  And this?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/43696/file/116789#t=1273.0,1291.0"},{"id":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/43696/file/116789/transcript/36927/annotation/55","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"CYCOWSKI:  Yeah, it’s the same, the same.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eSEROTA:  And here we have a concert program.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eCYCOWSKI:  I don’t have my glasses.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eSEROTA:  Okay.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/43696/file/116789#t=1291.0,1306.0"},{"id":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/43696/file/116789/transcript/36927/annotation/56","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"CYCOWSKI:  My glasses.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eSEROTA:  Here are your glasses.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eCYCOWSKI:  Oh, yeah, yeah, yeah.  Okay, thank you very much.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/43696/file/116789#t=1306.0,1319.0"},{"id":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/43696/file/116789/transcript/36927/annotation/57","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I think this was Australia.  It was Australia, I believe.  Brisbane, yah.  Brisbane, Australia.  We went twice there.  We went, we had 90 concerts in Australia.  The second time.  First time, we had 65.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/43696/file/116789#t=1319.0,1349.0"},{"id":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/43696/file/116789/transcript/36927/annotation/58","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And then I remember, there was the late Arthur Rubinstein with us.  And the war broke out, and he was sitting with me in the hotel, talked about — he was Polish, you know, like I am.  And very sad.  It was very interesting.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/43696/file/116789#t=1349.0,1366.0"},{"id":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/43696/file/116789/transcript/36927/annotation/59","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"LEVIN:  He also came from Lodz.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eCYCOWSKI:  Came from Lodz, yeah.  Arthur Rubinstein, yah.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eSEROTA:  Here I see a copy, a photocopy of a letter from the Australian Broadcasting Commission…\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eCYCOWSKI:  Yah.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eSEROTA:  …outlining the background of the members of your group, indicating which were Jews born in Germany of Jewish parentage.  And you are listed here as born in Poland, I guess for purposes for establishing…\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eCYCOWSKI:  That’s right.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/43696/file/116789#t=1366.0,1391.0"},{"id":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/43696/file/116789/transcript/36927/annotation/60","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"SEROTA:  …nationality.  So technically, some of you were then “enemy aliens” at the time of the outbreak of the second war.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eCYCOWSKI:  I was not, no.  They didn’t consider me as an enemy.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/43696/file/116789#t=1391.0,1405.0"},{"id":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/43696/file/116789/transcript/36927/annotation/61","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"SEROTA:  Because you were Polish?\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eCYCOWSKI:  Yeah, yeah.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eSEROTA:  Here’s a program from Town Hall.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eCYCOWSKI:  Yeah.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eSEROTA:  Who picked out the selections that the group prepared and sang?\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eCYCOWSKI:  I beg your pardon?\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eSEROTA:  Who picked out the selections?  How did you determine what music?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/43696/file/116789#t=1405.0,1422.0"},{"id":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/43696/file/116789/transcript/36927/annotation/62","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"CYCOWSKI:  All together.  We all, all together.  You know.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eSEROTA:  Who did the arrangements?\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eCYCOWSKI:  The arrangements was — one man was the arranger, main arranger.  Yeah, Harry Frommermann, the man who organized this group, he was the founder of this group.  You see him right there.  And Jewish.  His father was a cantor.  Great cantor.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/43696/file/116789#t=1422.0,1444.0"},{"id":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/43696/file/116789/transcript/36927/annotation/63","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eSEROTA:\u003c/strong\u003e Who was that?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/43696/file/116789#t=1444.0,1468.0"},{"id":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/43696/file/116789/transcript/36927/annotation/64","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eCYCOWSKI:\u003c/strong\u003e But the, the pianist, no, the first, from the first original group of Erwin Bootz.  You know, Boltz.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eAnd then, when we separated, it was Frommer, just he, Frommermann made the arrangements.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/43696/file/116789#t=1468.0,1483.0"},{"id":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/43696/file/116789/transcript/36927/annotation/65","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"LEVIN:  Now, in San Francisco…\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eCYCOWSKI:  Yeah.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eLEVIN:  Obviously, you, you held a major position there and you were a major force in, in Jewish music…\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eCYCOWSKI:  Yes, yes.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eLEVIN:  …in the, in the community of San Francisco.  It is not a big community compared to Los Angeles or New York.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eCYCOWSKI:  No, no, no.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/43696/file/116789#t=1483.0,1501.0"},{"id":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/43696/file/116789/transcript/36927/annotation/66","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"LEVIN:  So you probably knew every, you all knew each other well there, I would imagine.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eCYCOWSKI:  Yah.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eLEVIN:  Who were some, I mean, who in the Reform Movement, for example, was important then?\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eCYCOWSKI:  In the Reform Movement?\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eLEVIN:  Yeah.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eCYCOWSKI:  What can I say?\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eLEVIN:  How about Al-, was Ludwig Altman?\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eCYCOWSKI:  Who?\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eLEVIN:  Ludwig Altman?\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eCYCOWSKI:  Ludwig Altman is the organist.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eLEVIN:  Yeah.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/43696/file/116789#t=1501.0,1519.0"},{"id":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/43696/file/116789/transcript/36927/annotation/67","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eCYCOWSKI:\u003c/strong\u003e He was the organist.  He’s from Germany, you know.  I knew him very well.  He played very often for me, you know.  He accompanied me very often.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eAnd of course, the cantors, usually, the late Rinder, you know, he — do they have another?  They had two Reforms and the big Shaarei Tefila.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/43696/file/116789#t=1519.0,1543.0"},{"id":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/43696/file/116789/transcript/36927/annotation/68","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"LEVIN:  Emanuel.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eCYCOWSKI:  Emanuel.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eLEVIN:  And what’s the other one?  Shaarei Tefila, yeah.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eCYCOWSKI:  And…\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eSEROTA:  Sherith Israel.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eCYCOWSKI:  The late — oh, I’ve forgotten the names, I’ve forgotten so many names.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/43696/file/116789#t=1543.0,1559.0"},{"id":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/43696/file/116789/transcript/36927/annotation/69","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"LEVIN:  So Rinder was a Reform, was at Emanuel, right?\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eCYCOWSKI:  Reform cantor, cantor, yeah.  But he, he was, he was a real Reform cantor, you know.  Not….  And he always criticized me when we had a memorial service at the time for Moller.  Because I used a coloratura.  And he was always saying, “Do you have to do this?”  He always criticized me.  “Can’t you do it straight?”  He understand me.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/43696/file/116789#t=1559.0,1588.0"},{"id":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/43696/file/116789/transcript/36927/annotation/70","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"LEVIN:  Yours was the only Conservative synagogue that had a cantor and choir in San Francisco?\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eCYCOWSKI:  No.  Reform temple had.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eLEVIN:  Yeah, but yours was Conservative.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eCYCOWSKI:  Yeah, we had, but we had the only one, yeah.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eLEVIN:  Yeah.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/43696/file/116789#t=1588.0,1604.0"},{"id":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/43696/file/116789/transcript/36927/annotation/71","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"CYCOWSKI:  Conservative, yeah.  It was the oldest Conservative congregation in California.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eLEVIN:  Uh-huh.  And you had a choir all the time?\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eCYCOWSKI:  All the time.  Friday night and Saturday morning.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eLEVIN:  Professional or…\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eCYCOWSKI:  Professional choir.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eLEVIN:  And you did a lot of interesting music, I imagine.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eCYCOWSKI:  Beautiful music, yeah, yeah, yeah.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/43696/file/116789#t=1604.0,1621.0"},{"id":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/43696/file/116789/transcript/36927/annotation/72","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"LEVIN:  Who were some of your favorite composers there in that…\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eCYCOWSKI:  Oh, all kind of composers.  All kinds of composers.  Even, we used Lewandowski, Sulzer.  I have all the books at home.  Here, right here now.  And Dunayevsky, and of course, Zilbertz, Zilbertz’ music we used.  Some of Zilbertz music.  All kinds of conductors.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/43696/file/116789#t=1621.0,1646.0"},{"id":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/43696/file/116789/transcript/36927/annotation/73","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"SEROTA:  Did you know Paul Discount?\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eCYCOWSKI:  Paul Discount was one of my best friends.  I had the books, his books here.  Paul Discount.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eSEROTA:  Did you perform his music?\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eCYCOWSKI:  Yeah, yeah.  He was a excellent musician, yah.  And a good cantor, also.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/43696/file/116789#t=1646.0,1663.0"},{"id":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/43696/file/116789/transcript/36927/annotation/74","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"LEVIN:  And how about in the, in the Orthodox synagogue — was Wilkomirski there at that time, when you were there?\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eSEROTA:  I don’t think so.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eLEVIN:  No.  Who was there in the Orthodox community there, in San Francisco…\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eCYCOWSKI:  In San Francisco?\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eLEVIN:  Did they have any, anybody, any hazzan?\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eCYCOWSKI:  Yeah, no, they don’t have, no, no.  Wilkomirski is the only one you have, and he is nothing special, yah.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/43696/file/116789#t=1663.0,1684.0"},{"id":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/43696/file/116789/transcript/36927/annotation/75","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"LEVIN:  Any other…\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eCYCOWSKI:  He had a good voice, but there is no, his father was a great hazzan, but he, not he.  Not him.  No, they don’t have any.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eSEROTA:  In the other Conservative synagogues, were there cantors?\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eCYCOWSKI:  Conservative, yes.  They have it there, yah.  There was Reich.  Zurich Reich was, he was very good.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/43696/file/116789#t=1684.0,1710.0"},{"id":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/43696/file/116789/transcript/36927/annotation/76","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"SEROTA:  Did you know Vittorio Weinberg?\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eCYCOWSKI:  Weinberg, I knew him very well.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eSEROTA:  What was he?\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eCYCOWSKI:  He was, he was great.  He was a great singer.  And he was also, later, when he decided to be a cantor, he was older [INAUDIBLE].  He was pretty good, very good.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/43696/file/116789#t=1710.0,1734.0"},{"id":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/43696/file/116789/transcript/36927/annotation/77","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"LEVIN:  Did you teach, generally?  I mean, you would have students?\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eCYCOWSKI:  Yeah, yeah.  I used to have a studio, you know, in, in Los Angeles, when I was cantor.  Vocal, vocal studio.  And I had quite a few pupils, you know.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/43696/file/116789#t=1734.0,1746.0"},{"id":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/43696/file/116789/transcript/36927/annotation/78","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"SEROTA:  While, while you were cantor in Los Angeles?\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eCYCOWSKI:  Mmmm?\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eSEROTA:  In other words, when you were in San Francisco, you no longer taught voice?\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eCYCOWSKI:  I beg your pardon?\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eSEROTA:  When you went to San Francisco…\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eCYCOWSKI:  Yeah.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eSEROTA:  …did you continue to teach voice?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/43696/file/116789#t=1746.0,1757.0"},{"id":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/43696/file/116789/transcript/36927/annotation/79","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eCYCOWSKI:\u003c/strong\u003e No.  Oh, yes, once.  One of my basses.  His name was Goodwin.  He sang with the San Francisco Opera, you know, in Boris Godunov and so on.  A bass.  And he insisted to study with me.  So I studied with him, and they didn’t get paid for it, the temple.  Because he, on the side, I gave him the lessons, you know.  Finally, he, he gave up this, after a while, you know.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eBut otherwise, I didn’t teach, yah.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/43696/file/116789#t=1757.0,1791.0"},{"id":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/43696/file/116789/transcript/36927/annotation/80","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"LEVIN:  Now you, you did some interesting programming at your synagogue.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eCYCOWSKI:  Yeah.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eLEVIN:  Commissioning and…\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eCYCOWSKI:  Commissioning, yes, oh, yes.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eLEVIN:  What was the most interesting…\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eCYCOWSKI:  The most interesting was Marc Lavry for Israel.  I commissioned him as, to write, he wrote Queen Esther.  It was a composition two hours long.  I have the tape of it, and the film in my home.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/43696/file/116789#t=1791.0,1818.0"},{"id":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/43696/file/116789/transcript/36927/annotation/81","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Then, of course, Darius Milhaud.  He conducted our concerts, two, three times.  Then I had other conductors, you know, from Los Angeles, and so and so.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eSEROTA:  Did you sing any music by Milhaud?\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eCYCOWSKI:  No.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eSEROTA:  You never sang Milhaud’s music?\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eCYCOWSKI:  No.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/43696/file/116789#t=1818.0,1837.0"},{"id":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/43696/file/116789/transcript/36927/annotation/82","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"LEVIN:  So I’m curious.  I mean, these were the two most famous commissions of, probably, or among them, but what led you to Marc Lavry?  Why, why did you select him?\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eCYCOWSKI:  Yeah, I’ll tell you.  Marc Lavry wrote a Friday night service for Temple Emanuel, you know, the Reform.  And I went to hear it.  I took off the Friday night, I went to hear this service.  And I was very much interested in it, and I, and then I, after the service, I spoke to him, if he would be interested to write for us for our temple.  I wanted a service.  But he said he’s not interested in a service; he would write a composition.  He would, he suggests Queen Esther.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/43696/file/116789#t=1837.0,1882.0"},{"id":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/43696/file/116789/transcript/36927/annotation/83","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So my temple celebrated, you know, we celebrated 120 years or what, so they commissioned him to write this.  This concert costed us at the time $22,000.  Yeah, yeah.  And he wrote this, and I have this, I have the music, I have everything, it’s complete.  But this was Marc Lavry.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/43696/file/116789#t=1882.0,1904.0"},{"id":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/43696/file/116789/transcript/36927/annotation/84","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"LEVIN:  But you were, you were able, in, at that time, in an American congregation, to raise, to raise that kind of money to commission Lavry?\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eCYCOWSKI:  This was not, this was in, in San Francisco.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eLEVIN:  Yeah, in San Francisco.  But where did the, I mean, how did…","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/43696/file/116789#t=1904.0,1919.0"},{"id":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/43696/file/116789/transcript/36927/annotation/85","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eCYCOWSKI:\u003c/strong\u003e Yeah.  The money, money came, I tell you.  The money, some of… my rabbi’s mechuten was the Paper King, Paper King — what was his name?  A German name.  Well, a multimillionaire man.  He gave at that time $8,000.  And he was the Chairman of it, the concert.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/43696/file/116789#t=1919.0,1944.0"},{"id":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/43696/file/116789/transcript/36927/annotation/86","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"LEVIN:  Zellerbach.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eCYCOWSKI:  Zellerbach.  Zellerbach.  Zellerbach’s son married my rabbi’s daughter, you know.  Miller.  And they, and then we raised, we had at that time was the President, Ben Blumenthal was.  He was a very, very, very, very big man.  And a good friend of mine.  And he spent some money, and he raised money from the congregation.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/43696/file/116789#t=1944.0,1970.0"},{"id":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/43696/file/116789/transcript/36927/annotation/87","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So it cost $22,000.  This concert was sold out.  People stand on the, on the balcony, and so on.  They wanted to repeat it.  But they didn’t charge the people for it, ‘cause it was a gift to the people, you know.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/43696/file/116789#t=1970.0,1987.0"},{"id":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/43696/file/116789/transcript/36927/annotation/88","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"LEVIN:  And what did Milhaud write for you?\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eCYCOWSKI:  Heh?\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eLEVIN:  Milhaud?\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eCYCOWSKI:  Milhaud, in a later time, we had a concert with Milhaud.  Milhaud conducted his concert.  He was sitting in a — you know, he was paralyzed in his chair, and conducting yah.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/43696/file/116789#t=1987.0,2003.0"},{"id":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/43696/file/116789/transcript/36927/annotation/89","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"He wanted me to sing his parts.  It was, but I didn’t like it.  It was not what I’m, was used to, you know.  And so I, one of my singers sang it, the soloist.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/43696/file/116789#t=2003.0,2018.0"},{"id":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/43696/file/116789/transcript/36927/annotation/90","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And then we had Binder, Professor Binder, you know, his compositions.  He cond-, he came, he was twice with us.  He also wrote a composition called — I have the record of it.  When the first Jews came to America.  From Portugal.  I’ve forgotten the… there was a certain name here.  And he wrote this composition, yah.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/43696/file/116789#t=2018.0,2048.0"},{"id":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/43696/file/116789/transcript/36927/annotation/91","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"LEVIN:  And what about other local composers in San Francisco?  Did they ever write for you, for the synagogue or any…\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eCYCOWSKI:  No, no, no, no.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eLEVIN:  No?  There’s a composer that I want to ask you about, whether it was popular at all in San Francisco, and that’s Stark, Edward Stark.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/43696/file/116789#t=2048.0,2065.0"},{"id":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/43696/file/116789/transcript/36927/annotation/92","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"CYCOWSKI:  Ed Stark, yeah, no.  He was from before my time, you know.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eLEVIN:  Before.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eCYCOWSKI:  Before my time.  And no, his compositions, his compositions were very similar to Lewandowski, you know, Sulzer.  Even, even not as good as Sulzer and Lewandowski.  But he was a composer, of course.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/43696/file/116789#t=2065.0,2087.0"},{"id":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/43696/file/116789/transcript/36927/annotation/93","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It’s amazing, how much you know.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eSEROTA:  I think it was his Sh’visi that it was widely performed, Stark.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eLEVIN:  Eh, Sh’visi, there’s a Zokhrenu also.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eCYCOWSKI:  Hmmm?\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eLEVIN:  Zokhreinu, Stark, and so forth, yeah.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/43696/file/116789#t=2087.0,2102.0"},{"id":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/43696/file/116789/transcript/36927/annotation/94","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"CYCOWSKI:  What’s Zokhreinu?\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eLEVIN:  Stark.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eCYCOWSKI:  Stark, yeah.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eLEVIN:  Zokhreinu l’chaim.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eCYCOWSKI:  Zokhreinu l’chaim, yes, yes.  He, of course, he was a composer.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eLEVIN:  I only ask because he was associated with, lived in San Francisco.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eCYCOWSKI:  Yeah.  He was from before my time, you know.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eLEVIN:  But he was, and on top of it, he was probably with the Reform.  I think he was with Temple Emanuel.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eCYCOWSKI:  Yeah, yeah, yeah, Reform.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/43696/file/116789#t=2102.0,2120.0"},{"id":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/43696/file/116789/transcript/36927/annotation/95","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"LEVIN:  Yeah.  But I wondered whether…\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eCYCOWSKI:  But he was not in that same, as in Sulzer and Lewandowski, no.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eLEVIN:  No, no, not even close.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eCYCOWSKI:  No, no, no.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eLEVIN:  No, no.  Did you, you, having come from Germany, culturally speaking, I mean, you know…\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eCYCOWSKI:  Yeah, culturally speaking.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/43696/file/116789#t=2120.0,2141.0"},{"id":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/43696/file/116789/transcript/36927/annotation/96","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"LEVIN:  …you have, would you say you had an affinity for, for Lewandowski and Sulzer and…\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eCYCOWSKI:  Yes.  Yes.  Yes.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eLEVIN:  …other \u003cINAUDIBLE\u003e?\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eCYCOWSKI:  Lewandowski wrote very, very great compositions, you know.  His cantorial is very, is not great, you know.  It’s very simple, you know.  But his compositions, choral compositions, yah.  Very good.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/43696/file/116789#t=2141.0,2164.0"},{"id":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/43696/file/116789/transcript/36927/annotation/97","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"LEVIN:  Who do you like better — Sulzer or Lewandowski?\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eCYCOWSKI:  Sulzer.  Sulzer was more, was more cantorial in what he did, Sulzer.  I have the books here, yah.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eSEROTA:  Do you remember which compositions you sang from Sulzer?\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eCYCOWSKI:  From Sulzer?  I sang many, quite a few of his compositions.  Sulzer, I had once sang, in a concert, I put in, ‘cause Franz Schubert wrote some parts in Sulzer’s book…","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/43696/file/116789#t=2164.0,2193.0"},{"id":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/43696/file/116789/transcript/36927/annotation/98","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"LEVIN:  Tov l’hodos.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eCYCOWSKI:  Tov l’hodos.  How do you know?\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eSo I took two — this was in B-flat major.  I took, I took a half composition from Sulzer, and a half composition from, from the Schubert.  Friday night in a concert, you know.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/43696/file/116789#t=2193.0,2213.0"},{"id":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/43696/file/116789/transcript/36927/annotation/99","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It was those things you never forget.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eSEROTA:  Did you sing Ki K’Shimḥa…\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eCYCOWSKI:  Amazing, how much he knows, yah.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eSEROTA:  Did you sing the Ki K’Shimḥa from Lewandowski?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/43696/file/116789#t=2213.0,2225.0"},{"id":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/43696/file/116789/transcript/36927/annotation/100","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eCYCOWSKI:\u003c/strong\u003e Oh, yes, it comes.  This is it.  It’s a great composition.  Yeah, I had, yeah, yes, I did it once.  But it was very difficult for a choir.  You see, you know.  So I, I stopped it.  I didn’t use it.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/43696/file/116789#t=2225.0,2241.0"},{"id":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/43696/file/116789/transcript/36927/annotation/101","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I started to study with him, but he — it is a great composition, the Ki K’Shimḥa.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eLEVIN:  It’s not the notes that are difficult; the notes are easy.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eCYCOWSKI:  \u003cINAUDIBLE\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eLEVIN:  You mean the entrances?\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eCYCOWSKI:  Hmmm?\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eLEVIN:  You mean for the choir to feel the, the…\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eCYCOWSKI:  The entrances, yah.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/43696/file/116789#t=2241.0,2256.0"},{"id":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/43696/file/116789/transcript/36927/annotation/102","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"LEVIN:  ‘Cause they have to know hazzanas.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eCYCOWSKI:  Yeah.  It’s, it’s not always — it’s a little hard for me, too, you know, that you have always study — work with it, work with it.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/43696/file/116789#t=2256.0,2272.0"},{"id":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/43696/file/116789/transcript/36927/annotation/103","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"LEVIN:  But we have…\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eCYCOWSKI:  The Ki K’Shimḥa, yes, it’s a great composition.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eSEROTA:  Did you sing Zokharti lakh from Lewandowski?\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eCYCOWSKI:  Zokharti lakh, yeah.  (Sings) Zokharti lakh, de da de da de… yeah.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eLEVIN:  That’s probably the most famous Lewandowski, wouldn’t you say?\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eCYCOWSKI:  Lewandowski, yeah, yeah.  It was great.  It was great.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/43696/file/116789#t=2272.0,2289.0"},{"id":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/43696/file/116789/transcript/36927/annotation/104","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eSEROTA:\u003c/strong\u003e In more recent years, you’ve been functioning as a hazzan in a more traditional synagogue.  Here.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/43696/file/116789#t=2289.0,2308.0"},{"id":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/43696/file/116789/transcript/36927/annotation/105","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"CYCOWSKI:  In the last year, here, in Palm Springs.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eSEROTA:  Right.  So you don’t have a choir now, do you?\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eCYCOWSKI:  No, no, no.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eSEROTA:  So you, you daven…\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eCYCOWSKI:  I daven the whole thing, yeah, yeah.  Yeah, he knows it.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eSEROTA:  Do you have compositions you sing or you improvise in the nusaḥ, or…","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/43696/file/116789#t=2308.0,2321.0"},{"id":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/43696/file/116789/transcript/36927/annotation/106","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eCYCOWSKI:\u003c/strong\u003e Improvisa-, mostly it’s improvisation.  Orthodoxy improvise.  Also some, some a part I did like a composition, I did Asurer Malchos[?], you know.  Tiher Rabbi Ishmael [?].","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/43696/file/116789#t=2321.0,2336.0"},{"id":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/43696/file/116789/transcript/36927/annotation/107","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Now, this is by Kwartin, you know.  This is, this is beautiful, you know, I mean.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eLEVIN:  How about, you know, when you were in Germany, you were at a, the Conservatory in Berlin.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eCYCOWSKI:  Yeah.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eLEVIN:  Which, which conservatory, the…","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/43696/file/116789#t=2336.0,2350.0"},{"id":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/43696/file/116789/transcript/36927/annotation/108","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"CYCOWSKI:  I was not cantor in Berlin.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eLEVIN:  No, no.  Conservatory.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eCYCOWSKI:  The conservatory, oh.  I studied in, in different music schools.  In the musical in Berlin…\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eLEVIN:  The big one in Berlin?\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eCYCOWSKI:  Yeah, yeah, yeah.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/43696/file/116789#t=2350.0,2367.0"},{"id":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/43696/file/116789/transcript/36927/annotation/109","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"LEVIN:  The Royal… what it was before that, the Royal Conservatory?\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eCYCOWSKI:  Yeah, yeah.  I had many private teachers, also.  Vocally and… I had about a half a dozen teachers, you know.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eLEVIN:  Do you remember anything about the synagogues in Berlin?  I know you weren’t a cantor, but you, but…\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eCYCOWSKI:  Yeah.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eLEVIN:  What was it, what was it like, in, what synagogues did you go to?\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eCYCOWSKI:  In…\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eLEVIN:  In Berlin.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/43696/file/116789#t=2367.0,2387.0"},{"id":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/43696/file/116789/transcript/36927/annotation/110","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"CYCOWSKI:  In Berlin, oh, yeah.  Let me see.  I…\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eLEVIN:  Well, if I give you some names, maybe you will, would, do you remember any of the names of hazzanim?\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eCYCOWSKI:  Yeah, yeah. \u003cINAUDIBLE\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eLEVIN:  Do you remember…\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eCYCOWSKI:  Golanin[?], Golanin.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eLEVIN:  You heard Golanin?\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eCYCOWSKI:  Golanin.  Oh yes, yah.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eLEVIN:  Was he…\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eCYCOWSKI:  Golanin was a great concert singer, and then he, then he went, he turned to be cantor, you know.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/43696/file/116789#t=2387.0,2411.0"},{"id":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/43696/file/116789/transcript/36927/annotation/111","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"LEVIN:  How about Davidson?  Magnus Davidson?\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eCYCOWSKI:  Davidson.  Nothing special.  I knew him very well.  Asch, Davidson, yeah.  Nothing special.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eSEROTA:  Felix Asch?\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eCYCOWSKI:  Heh?\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eSEROTA:  Felix Asch?  Asch, Asch.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eCYCOWSKI:  Asch, Asch, he was also a cantor, yah.  But he had, they would call it Reform, you know.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/43696/file/116789#t=2411.0,2432.0"},{"id":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/43696/file/116789/transcript/36927/annotation/112","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"LEVIN:  What about in the Orthodox?\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eCYCOWSKI:  In Orthodox you had good hazzanim.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eLEVIN:  Like Pinkasovich.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eCYCOWSKI:  Pinkasovich, yeah, yeah, yeah.  He was, he was a great hazzan, yeah.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eLEVIN:  Did you know Manfred Lewandowski?\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eCYCOWSKI:  I knew him, yeah.  I knew him as a concert singer.  He traveled around, yeah.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/43696/file/116789#t=2432.0,2451.0"},{"id":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/43696/file/116789/transcript/36927/annotation/113","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"SEROTA:  Did you know Alter?  Israel Alter?\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eCYCOWSKI:  Israel Alter, yes.  Very good.  I visit, I visit him first time in Johannesburg.  South Africa, you know.  And I was there for a concert tour with my group.  And he had came to the concert.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/43696/file/116789#t=2451.0,2471.0"},{"id":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/43696/file/116789/transcript/36927/annotation/114","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I still have writings from him, you know.  Letters and so on.  Because at that time, he wanted to help his wife immigrate, you know, from, from Germany, to, to Australia, so I did some things at that time.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/43696/file/116789#t=2471.0,2487.0"},{"id":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/43696/file/116789/transcript/36927/annotation/115","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Yeah, Israel Alter was a great cantor, a great hazzan.  He was a composer.  Very good.  I have his books.  Unfortunately, his books, his book is not so good.  He was much better than his book.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/43696/file/116789#t=2487.0,2503.0"},{"id":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/43696/file/116789/transcript/36927/annotation/116","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"SEROTA:  Did you hear him as a concert singer?\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eCYCOWSKI:  Oh, yeah.  Yeah, I heard him many times.  He was great.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eLEVIN:  But in the time that you spent 25 years in San Francisco…\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eCYCOWSKI:  Yeah.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eLEVIN:  …you never went back to that kind of singing group like the Harmonists to create something like that, of that style?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/43696/file/116789#t=2503.0,2522.0"},{"id":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/43696/file/116789/transcript/36927/annotation/117","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"CYCOWSKI:  No, no, I was not interested.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eLEVIN:  You became totally devoted to hazzanut?\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eCYCOWSKI:  Yeah, hazzanut only.  But I got interested in the Comidian Harmonists when our records — you know, many records were destroyed, because for Hitler time.  But Victrola still kept some records.  They rebuilt the, they records.  They’re still running now, and I’m still getting royalties now.  I got last year $6,000.  In this, a six group, she’s divided in six people, and we get, and they deduct 30%, you still got $6,000.  But it’s amazing how people still buy those records.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/43696/file/116789#t=2522.0,2565.0"},{"id":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/43696/file/116789/transcript/36927/annotation/118","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"SEROTA:  They’re on CD I suppose now, huh?\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eLEVIN:  I don’t know.  I have to find out, yeah.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eBut in a way, you made a, you made a kind of conscious decision.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eCYCOWSKI:  Yeah.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eLEVIN:  To devote yourself… I mean, at one time, you were in the general music…\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eCYCOWSKI:  Yeah, that’s right, yeah.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eLEVIN:  …in classical music and folk music and things, and so forth.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eCYCOWSKI:  That’s right.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eLEVIN:  And then you decided to devote yourself completely to hazzanut.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eCYCOWSKI:  Oh, yeah, yeah.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/43696/file/116789#t=2565.0,2588.0"},{"id":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/43696/file/116789/transcript/36927/annotation/119","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"LEVIN:  More or less mid-life.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eCYCOWSKI:  Yeah, yeah.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eLEVIN:  Yeah.  I mean, that’s the question is, is, would you do the same thing, if you had it to do over again?\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eCYCOWSKI:  Yeah.  I would do that again, yeah.  Yes.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eLEVIN:  You found fulfillment in…","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/43696/file/116789#t=2588.0,2603.0"},{"id":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/43696/file/116789/transcript/36927/annotation/120","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"CYCOWSKI:  Of course, yes, yes.  I would do it again, yah.  ‘Cause I was too much interested in, in Jewish life and in the cantorial, and…\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eLEVIN:  What about the formation of Association…","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/43696/file/116789#t=2603.0,2617.0"},{"id":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/43696/file/116789/transcript/36927/annotation/121","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"CYCOWSKI:  You know, I gave them, I gave them a scholarship, money, the Cantors’ Ensemble, you know.  Six thousand dollars, I gave them.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eLEVIN:  Your royalties.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eCYCOWSKI:  Yeah.  Last year, yeah.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eLEVIN:  I mean, were you involved in the early days, in organizing or in the organizational days of the Cantors’ Assembly?\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eCYCOWSKI:  No.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eLEVIN:  No.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/43696/file/116789#t=2617.0,2637.0"},{"id":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/43696/file/116789/transcript/36927/annotation/122","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"CYCOWSKI:  I was never an organizer, no, no.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eLEVIN:  You just joined and that was it.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eCYCOWSKI:  I went, never to a conference, unfortunate, ‘cause it was too far for me, and too much time.  But I was very much interested in.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/43696/file/116789#t=2637.0,2651.0"},{"id":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/43696/file/116789/transcript/36927/annotation/123","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"LEVIN:  How about locally, with the… you’ve heard the concerts that the…\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eCYCOWSKI:  Yeah, yeah, yeah.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eLEVIN:  …various cantors’ groups did vocally…\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eCYCOWSKI:  Oh, yes.  Three years ago, they came to honor me, the cantors, you know, as Cantor Emeritus.  Retired from temple.  There came here about 30 cantors, and I have a film of it.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/43696/file/116789#t=2651.0,2671.0"},{"id":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/43696/file/116789/transcript/36927/annotation/124","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"LEVIN:  Oh, to Palm Springs?\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eCYCOWSKI:  In Palm Springs, yeah.  I have a whole film, you know, with all the cantors into it.  And Rabbi Horowitz is in there, and they speak about me, and so on and so on and so on.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\t\tLEVIN:  Uh-huh.  What do you think, what, what do you think will happen to hazzanut in America in the future, let’s say…","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/43696/file/116789#t=2671.0,2691.0"},{"id":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/43696/file/116789/transcript/36927/annotation/125","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"CYCOWSKI:  I think it will, it will go on.  It will, it will live on.  There’ll be little changes, and so on, but hazzanut will live on, yeah.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eSEROTA:  How is it changing?\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eCYCOWSKI:  Heh?\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eSEROTA:  How is it changing?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/43696/file/116789#t=2691.0,2707.0"},{"id":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/43696/file/116789/transcript/36927/annotation/126","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eCYCOWSKI:\u003c/strong\u003e It’s changing — they’re getting a little bit classical more, you know.  The accompaniments, especially the composers.  But there will still be, there will still be hazzanut.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/43696/file/116789#t=2707.0,2732.50133"}]}]}]}