{"@context":"http://iiif.io/api/presentation/3/context.json","id":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/iiif/r20rr1q890/manifest","type":"Manifest","label":{"en":["Brun, Abraham"]},"logo":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/organizations/logo_images/000/000/115/original/Boxed_Milken_Center_logo.png?1628711583","metadata":[],"provider":[{"id":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/aboutus","type":"Agent","label":{"en":["Lowell Milken Center for Music of American Jewish Experience"]},"homepage":[{"id":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/","type":"Text","label":{"en":["Lowell Milken Center for Music of American Jewish Experience"]},"format":"text/html"}],"logo":[{"id":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/organizations/logo_images/000/000/115/original/Boxed_Milken_Center_logo.png?1628711583","type":"Image"}]}],"thumbnail":[{"id":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/collection_resource_files/thumbnails/000/111/970/small/Brun.jpg?1620993927","type":"Image","format":"image/jpeg"}],"items":[{"id":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/40305/file/111970","type":"Canvas","label":{"en":["Media File 1 of 1 - L3372_Brun_Abraham_Combined.mp4"]},"duration":8509.67467,"width":640,"height":360,"thumbnail":[{"id":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/collection_resource_files/thumbnails/000/111/970/small/Brun.jpg?1620993927","type":"Image","format":"image/jpeg"}],"items":[{"id":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/40305/file/111970/content/1","type":"AnnotationPage","items":[{"id":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/40305/file/111970/content/1/annotation/1","type":"Annotation","motivation":"painting","body":{"id":"https://aviary-p-milken.s3.wasabisys.com/collection_resource_files/resource_files/000/111/970/original/L3372_Brun_Abraham_Combined.mp4?1619777868","type":"Video","format":"video/mp4","duration":8509.67467,"width":640,"height":360},"target":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/40305/file/111970","metadata":[]}]}],"annotations":[{"id":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/40305/file/111970/transcript/66550","type":"AnnotationPage","label":{"en":["Abraham Brun Final (3) [Transcript]"]},"items":[{"id":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/40305/file/111970/transcript/66550/annotation/1","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"TRANSCRIPTION BEGIN","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/40305/file/111970#t=0.0,15.0"},{"id":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/40305/file/111970/transcript/66550/annotation/2","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"LEVIN: It’s very good to be with you today. And your lovely wife.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eBRUN: Thank you.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eLEVIN: You know, you have, it seems to me, had an unusual situation in the American scene, in that you were in one synagogue for how many years?\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eBRUN: Thirty-nine years.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eLEVIN: In one, one congregation.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eBRUN: Exclusively as a hazzan. Exclusive-, underscore exclusively as a hazzan. No teaching, no shames, no one. No shoulder clapping.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/40305/file/111970#t=15.0,48.0"},{"id":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/40305/file/111970/transcript/66550/annotation/3","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I went to shul every morning, every night, and every Shabbes, holidays. And that’s what, and I keep them, the people who decided my salaries or the length of the contract, they were pleased with me.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eLEVIN: Now, this in itself is an unusual situation on the American scene, as you know, because today, a hazzan is a jack-of-all-trades, and you’re telling us that you davenned as, you were a davenner, you were a singer.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eBRUN: (?)\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eLEVIN: This was a synagogue that treated you as a musician. They had respect for your art.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/40305/file/111970#t=48.0,87.0"},{"id":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/40305/file/111970/transcript/66550/annotation/4","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BRUN: And for my voice.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eSEROTA: How often did you daven as a hazzan at the omed? Every Shabbes?\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eBRUN: At the beginning, every Shabbes. Friday night, I made kiddush, and people came to listen to me from all over.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eOne Friday night, a lady came in — Friday night, I didn’t officiate Friday night, but I made kiddush — a lady came over, she congratulate me; she was pleased with my voice. Who was that lady? The lady was a professor, a voice professor. And she was told to go specially to Long Beach. By whom? By another hazzan. And she went, and she met me and I met her, and she told me I have a superb, a superb voice. And I was very pleased to hear it from a professional.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/40305/file/111970#t=87.0,145.0"},{"id":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/40305/file/111970/transcript/66550/annotation/5","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Then I started to be called from, to different synagogues to officiate for their fund-raising, different organizations. And that’s what went on for the years.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eLEVIN: So that in those years right after the war in the 1950s, even 1960s, here was an Orthodox synagogue which appreciated hazzanut.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eBRUN: And how.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eLEVIN: And choir?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/40305/file/111970#t=145.0,174.0"},{"id":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/40305/file/111970/transcript/66550/annotation/6","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BRUN: And I had, I had one Shabbes for tickets, I, as a hazzan.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eLEVIN: Yeah?\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eBRUN: Davenned for tickets.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eLEVIN: In your own synagogue?\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eBRUN: In my own synagogue, and people bought tickets. Even members had to pay for a ticket. And who was my choir leader at that Shabbes? Samuel Sterner.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eLEVIN: Oh, yes. Was that the only time you worked with Sterner?\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eBRUN: And Ganchoff came specially to listen to me and me and my, my wife and I invited him to our house for Shabbes, and we had a wonderful Shabbes.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/40305/file/111970#t=174.0,207.0"},{"id":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/40305/file/111970/transcript/66550/annotation/7","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"LEVIN: Was this only time you worked with Sterner?\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eBRUN: In my shul, yes.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eLEVIN: Outside your shul?\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eBRUN: Outside, yes. I had different occasions.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eLEVIN: With Sterner?\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eBRUN: Yes.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eSEROTA: When you worked with him, did he give you the score for the cantor’s part for the choral numbers?\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eBRUN: Of course.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eSEROTA: Did he give you the full score or just the cantor’s part?\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eBRUN: No, the cantor’s part. What for? What for did I need the whole score?\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eSEROTA: In case you wanted to see what the other voices are doing when you’re doing your parts.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eBRUN: No, I usually, I was given the music for my part, and I sang it. And he was satisfied. I had no, I had no arguments with him — he was a difficult man to deal with.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/40305/file/111970#t=207.0,246.0"},{"id":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/40305/file/111970/transcript/66550/annotation/8","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"LEVIN: What about during the year, every, for the High Holy Days, for Shabbes? Did you have your own choir?\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eBRUN: Schreiber used to come to my shul to listen to me. And all the people…\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eLEVIN: In the summertime, mostly.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eBRUN: Summertime.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eLEVIN: Yeah, they lived out there in the summer.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eBRUN: It is an… the era has finished. A hazzan is not anymore their own crowd for a shul any longer. Very few people will belong, who will start a membership because of a hazzan.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/40305/file/111970#t=246.0,276.0"},{"id":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/40305/file/111970/transcript/66550/annotation/9","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"SEROTA: In your shul, how many more people would you say came during the summer than during the winter? Was it a…\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eBRUN: Eighty percent came in the summertime.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eMRS. BRUN: Back in the beginning years.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eBRUN: Twenty percent stayed the whole year. Eighty percent, mind you.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eSEROTA: So that’s basically like May, June, July, August, September?\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eBRUN: Yes.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eLEVIN: People started…\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eBRUN: Over the holidays, until almost Sukkos.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eMRS. BRUN: Not now anymore. Now…\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eLEVIN: Till Sukkos, huh?\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eMRS. BRUN: Oh, yeah.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eLEVIN: So people had summer homes there and they would come out for weekends, and…\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eMRS. BRUN: That’s right.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eBRUN: Yeah. This is the… this was the…","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/40305/file/111970#t=276.0,305.0"},{"id":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/40305/file/111970/transcript/66550/annotation/10","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"MRS. BRUN: But now they live all year round.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eSEROTA: Yeah. But you have a smaller number coming that live all year round than you had in the prime years, when a lot of people would go away for weekends.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eBRUN: Yes. A difference is, you would have to say that the world has changed, Long Beach has changed.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eSEROTA: Wasn’t there a hotel, the Promenade Hotel in Long Beach?\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eBRUN: The Promenade Hotel…\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eMRS. BRUN: Yes…\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eBRUN: …where they had hazzanim to come for Shabbes and for Yontiff.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eSEROTA: How far was that from your shul?\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eBRUN: About 12 minutes — between 12 and 15 minutes walk from my shul.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eMRS. BRUN: It changed, Long Beach changed an awful lot. It’s not, it’s much nicer than it used to be.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eLEVIN: Nicer?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/40305/file/111970#t=305.0,343.0"},{"id":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/40305/file/111970/transcript/66550/annotation/11","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"MRS. BRUN: It used to be a lot of old age homes, but they disappeared.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eSEROTA: The people got younger?\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eMRS. BRUN: Yes. Younger, now, who knows where they went on vacation?\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eBRUN: That is a, you cannot compare the Long Beach of today to the years, to 30 years ago or 40 years ago.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eMRS. BRUN: Yeah, it’s… but it’s beautiful, Long Beach. Very nice.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eBRUN: I didn’t want to bring the letters along what I received from different personalities, complimenting me, because I knew that it would not be of interest, great interest for the session. But I have countless letters from (?), from lawyers, from doctors, professional people, with a standing in the Jewish community.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/40305/file/111970#t=343.0,391.0"},{"id":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/40305/file/111970/transcript/66550/annotation/12","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"When they came to listen to me, the only thing what they wanted to express their appreciation with my voice and with my way of conducting services.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eSEROTA: How far away from you is the shul where Kaplow was hazzan?\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eBRUN: About 15, 20 minutes.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eLEVIN: That’s far.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eSEROTA: Walk.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eLEVIN: Oh, walk, walk.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eSEROTA: And he had a man conducting with him, a man named Brenner.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eMRS. BRUN: Yeah.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eBRUN: Yeah.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eSEROTA: Is he still around?\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eBRUN: No.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eMRS. BRUN: No, he isn’t.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eSEROTA: Brenner died?\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eBRUN: He died.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eSEROTA: How long ago?\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eMRS. BRUN: Long time ago.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eLEVIN: But that was never Orthodox, Kaplow’s place, was it?\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eSEROTA: I don’t know. Was Kaplow’s…\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eBRUN: It was a Conservative shul.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eSEROTA: But with a male choir, a male quartet they had.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/40305/file/111970#t=391.0,428.0"},{"id":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/40305/file/111970/transcript/66550/annotation/13","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BRUN: Yes and no.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eMRS. BRUN: Just for the holidays, I think.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eBRUN: For the holidays, they had a male choir once, and then they changed it for a mixed choir.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eSEROTA: They made a record once with a male quartet.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eBRUN: At the beginning.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eSEROTA: Yeah. And Brenner conducted.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eMRS. BRUN: Rosh Hashanah, Yom Kippur, they sit the women and men together. The whole year, no.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eSEROTA: That’s rather unusual.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eLEVIN: It’s the other way around, usually.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eSEROTA: So the whole year round they had separate seating…\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eMRS. BRUN: Yes.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eSEROTA: …except for Rosh Hashanah and Yom Kippur?\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eMRS. BRUN: Just Rosh Hashanah, Yom Kippur.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eSEROTA: He was there many years.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eMRS. BRUN: Oh, yeah.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eBRUN: He was there 50 years.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eSEROTA: He did something else for a living, didn’t he?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/40305/file/111970#t=428.0,463.0"},{"id":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/40305/file/111970/transcript/66550/annotation/14","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"MRS. BRUN: He used to be…\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eBRUN: He’s…\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eSEROTA: Handkerchiefs? He sold handkerchiefs?\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eMRS. BRUN: …a salesman. A salesman, no.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eSEROTA: Ties?\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eMRS. BRUN: Underwear.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eSEROTA: Underwear.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eMRS. BRUN: Ladies’ underwear.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eLEVIN: He made money, I think he made money.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eBRUN: Long Beach is a, I have only good memories from Long Beach.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eMRS. BRUN: Yeah. They respected him, and they still respect him. The biggest koved…\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eBRUN: Any function what a cantor can accept, I was called upon. The hospital dinners, different organizations, I became the President for Mizrahi in Long Beach, and I had the biggest Jewish national leaders, or international leaders coming, and I hosted them.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eAnd it gave me a feeling, not the hazzan from my… of years ago, he was a nothing. I was a person, I was a personality.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/40305/file/111970#t=463.0,523.0"},{"id":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/40305/file/111970/transcript/66550/annotation/15","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"LEVIN: You had a choir, aside from Julius, did they have their own choir at the synagogue there?\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eBRUN: No, my synagogue didn’t have a choir.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eLEVIN: So what would happen the average Shabbes?\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eBRUN: Average Shabbes I led, I’d have them sing congregational singing.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eLEVIN: And Pesach, Shavuos…\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eBRUN: Congregational singing.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eSEROTA: No choir.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eBRUN: No choir.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eLEVIN: And Yamim Noraim?\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eBRUN: No choir.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eLEVIN: Why? Did you want a choir, or…\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eBRUN: No, they didn’t want it. They want me to lead them in congre-… they want to sing along.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eLEVIN: From the beginning, even 40 years ago?\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eBRUN: From the beginning, they wanted to be participating in the services. Actually, I instituted that. ‘Cause I made them to memorize the singing, and they sang along.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/40305/file/111970#t=523.0,560.0"},{"id":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/40305/file/111970/transcript/66550/annotation/16","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"SEROTA: Let’s see — the other synagogues in the area, for example… your synagogue was… what’s the name of your synagogue?\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eMRS. BRUN: Temple Beth El.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eSEROTA: Beth El. So the other synagogue where Kaplow was, was Temple…\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eBRUN: Temple Israel.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eSEROTA: Temple Israel. So they had a choir was it every week?\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eBRUN: High Holidays.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eSEROTA: Just High Holidays, or…\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eBRUN: No, only High Holidays.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eSEROTA: They didn’t have, let’s say…\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eBRUN: No.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eSEROTA: …a quartet during the season?\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eBRUN: No.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eLEVIN: But how could you do… so you couldn’t do any of the compositions, of course, that you did in Europe?\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eBRUN: No, no, no.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eLEVIN: Not even…","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/40305/file/111970#t=560.0,586.0"},{"id":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/40305/file/111970/transcript/66550/annotation/17","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BRUN: Because I put in, in my services a combination of everything — congregational singing, recitatives, modern music from the operatic style, and I fit it in into the services. And the inte-, the so-called cultured people who used to go to operas, who used to go to concerts — not hazzanishe concerts — they appreciated it.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eI remember, in fact, to our annual affair from my synagogue, they had Eddie Fisher. When he got the… I sang — not hazzanas.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/40305/file/111970#t=586.0,631.0"},{"id":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/40305/file/111970/transcript/66550/annotation/18","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I sang two arias, and I sang in one song, I think in English. (Sings) Yoel, she’s my heart alone. And when I was through with my couple songs what I sang, they introduced Eddie Fisher. And Eddie Fisher started off, “You didn’t need to invite me to give a concert. Your own cantor has a better voice than I have.”\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eAnd he complimented me, and people were thrilled that I am a subject of compliments from Eddie Fisher. And Eddie Fisher was not yet famous — he was discharged from the Army at that time. This was the story with Eddie Fisher at my, in 1949.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/40305/file/111970#t=631.0,692.0"},{"id":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/40305/file/111970/transcript/66550/annotation/19","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"SEROTA: You mentioned before that your synagogue was basically in a resorts-type community, where people would go for the weekends during the course of the spring and summer season.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eBRUN: Yeah.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eSEROTA: That’s where the, the majority of the worshippers were, that’s when the majority of the worshippers were in attendance in your shul.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eBRUN: Right, right.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eSEROTA: Spring, summer, starting with May up through the holidays.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eBRUN: Over the holidays.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eSEROTA: Right. In addition, there were other hotels where people went where they didn’t necessarily have their own cottages, but people would stay for weekends in the hotels and these hotels had hazzanim.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/40305/file/111970#t=692.0,726.0"},{"id":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/40305/file/111970/transcript/66550/annotation/20","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BRUN: Not that…\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eSEROTA: Sometimes.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eBRUN: there was one, hazzan, no, no. They only did, I conducted, there used to be a hotel where I was conducting the sedarim.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eSEROTA: Which hotel was that?\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eBRUN: Atlantic. And when I went, when I was through with ma’ariv, the first night of Pesach, I was running about, a half an, a half an hour, not to be too late for the sedarim, and I made money.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eSEROTA: What other hotels were in the area that would have had a hazzanim for the yom tov?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/40305/file/111970#t=726.0,761.0"},{"id":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/40305/file/111970/transcript/66550/annotation/21","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BRUN: No, no. Only the Atlantic was the… the hotel you mentioned before.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eSEROTA: If I recall, when I first came to New York in ‘65, the Promenade Hotel engaged Hazzan Pinchik.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eBRUN: Yes.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eSEROTA: And I think that was one of his last appearances.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eBRUN: That’s true. Not for the High Holidays.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eSEROTA: No — Pesach or Shavuos.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eBRUN: Yes.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/40305/file/111970#t=761.0,784.0"},{"id":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/40305/file/111970/transcript/66550/annotation/22","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"LEVIN: Now, let’s go back to the beginning of the story. You were born in Europe, of course.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eBRUN: I was born in a city, Lodz, was the second-largest city in Poland. After Warsaw, came Lodz. And you want to know my, the date of my birth?\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eLEVIN: Why not?\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eBRUN: December the fourteenth, 1909. And I was born by a religious talmudical giants in my family. My father was named Rabitch Meyer Wolke. And I had two brothers, two sisters.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/40305/file/111970#t=784.0,827.0"},{"id":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/40305/file/111970/transcript/66550/annotation/23","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"LEVIN: And you’re the only one left in your…\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eBRUN: I’m the only survivor.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eLEVIN: …family now? Yeah.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eSo how did it begin with musical training? I mean, with hazzanas? First place, tell us about, I presume you sang in a choir as a child.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eBRUN: I sang in a choir without the, my parents didn’t permit me to do it.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eLEVIN: Why?\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eBRUN: I was wearing a Hassidic garb, a long black coat, with a black cap.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eLEVIN: In other words, they didn’t permit you because your parents were Hassidim?\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eBRUN: Oh, Hassidim.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eLEVIN: Who were they, who did they follow?\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eBRUN: Gerrer Hassidim.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eLEVIN: So they followed the Gerrer Rebbe?\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eBRUN: Yeah, my father, olav hasholem, was the Ger, the baal missiv in the biggest shtetl in Lodz.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/40305/file/111970#t=827.0,865.0"},{"id":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/40305/file/111970/transcript/66550/annotation/24","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"LEVIN: Of the Gerrers?\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eBRUN: Gerrers, yes.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eLEVIN: And did they ever travel to Ger, to Gur?\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eBRUN: No, I never went with my father to Ger.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eLEVIN: But he went?\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eBRUN: Not necessarily.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eHe had a friend who was the Parsever (?) Rebbe. Parsever Rebbe and he was a friend to the rebbe. One, when I was already singing in the choir, my father told me, “I’ll take you along to the Rebbe, to the Parsever Rebbe.” And I went along with my father to the Parsever Rebbe, and I was already wearing a tie or something like a tie, and I was maybe a little more modern, not for a Hassidishe boy.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/40305/file/111970#t=865.0,908.0"},{"id":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/40305/file/111970/transcript/66550/annotation/25","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The people came and they, they, poured water on my throat and my head, and they made me wet, as a rejection of my being not a Hassidic boy.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eBut nevertheless, I was so willing to continue to be a choir boy, that I didn’t look for anything what my father want, and I rejected and I kept on singing in choir.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/40305/file/111970#t=908.0,940.0"},{"id":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/40305/file/111970/transcript/66550/annotation/26","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"LEVIN: How did you get started, if your parents were against it? Your father didn’t want you…how did you get introduced to singing in a choir in shul?\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eBRUN: How I got in there?\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eLEVIN: Yeah.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eBRUN: Two other boys.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eLEVIN: Through the influence of other boys who were in it.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eBRUN: Of course.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eLEVIN: And what, do you remember what synagogue it was, where you first sang?\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eBRUN: The Wilker Shul was, the Wilker Shul — it was a choir with a choir leader. The name of the choir leader was Sokolofsky. A tall man.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eLEVIN: Do you remember his first name?\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eBRUN: Yeah. Leipke Sokolofsky.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eLEVIN: Leipke?\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eBRUN: Lap-… they called him Leipke Sokolofsky.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eLEVIN: And, would you say this was a chor shul, typical…","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/40305/file/111970#t=940.0,987.0"},{"id":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/40305/file/111970/transcript/66550/annotation/27","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BRUN: No, it was an Orthodox shul with the richest Jewish people in Long Beach.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eLEVIN: No, no, I’m talking about in Lodz.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eBRUN: In Lodz.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eLEVIN: Would you say this was a chor shul? A typical chor shul from Europe?\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eBRUN: No, this was a shul, an Orthodox shul with the belemer in center but and no, it was not a chor shul. A chor shul was close to a Conservative shul.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/40305/file/111970#t=987.0,1019.0"},{"id":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/40305/file/111970/transcript/66550/annotation/28","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"LEVIN: But it was still meant, I mean, a chor shul nevertheless — the men and women still sat separately.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eBRUN: Of course.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eLEVIN: Yes. You mean it was more liberal.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eBRUN: But this shul, the Wilker shul, was an Orthodox shul, with a shames in center and with a clep and a trukhan.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eLEVIN: And you had a choir all the time there? Every Shabbes?\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eBRUN: Every Shabbes there was a choir; I was singing in the choir.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eLEVIN: How many children were in the choir?\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eBRUN: About 20…\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eLEVIN: And how many…\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eBRUN: …22.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eLEVIN: And how many men?\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eBRUN: Men, four and four — four tenors and four basses.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/40305/file/111970#t=1019.0,1052.0"},{"id":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/40305/file/111970/transcript/66550/annotation/29","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"LEVIN: And you sang soprano?\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eBRUN: No. Later on, the permanent choir, I was singing as tenor. I started at 16 years.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eLEVIN: You were 16 years old when you started.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eBRUN: Sixteen years.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eLEVIN: Oh, I thought you started when you were a little boy.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eBRUN: But this was not permanent.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eSEROTA: So as a child, you were singing there, but only intermittently?\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eBRUN: Yes.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eLEVIN: How old were you when you first began singing in the choir?\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eBRUN: Probably I would say between 11 and 13 years.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/40305/file/111970#t=1052.0,1083.0"},{"id":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/40305/file/111970/transcript/66550/annotation/30","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"LEVIN: And then you sang soprano or alto or…\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eBRUN: And then I changed, my voice changed. And soon, my voice got the quality of a man’s voice, I was hired to sing along, to sing in the choir.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eLEVIN: And do you remember, what kind of music did you sing in such a shul?\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eBRUN: The music?\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eLEVIN: Yeah.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eBRUN: I’ll tell you. The first solo that he gave me, the choir leader, was Lewandowski’s Veshamru. (Sings)","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/40305/file/111970#t=1083.0,1151.0"},{"id":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/40305/file/111970/transcript/66550/annotation/31","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The choir comes along. (Sings) Then the basses come in. (Sings)… are you familiar with that composition?\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eLEVIN: Yes.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eBRUN: Then I sang also in the solo asher moloch.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/40305/file/111970#t=1151.0,1180.0"},{"id":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/40305/file/111970/transcript/66550/annotation/32","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"(Sings) … also in Lewandowski. (Sings)\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eLEVIN: I want to hear more — but this is beautiful — but this is the fascinating thing, you see, that you’re saying that Lewandowski was done, a lot of Lewandowski, even in Lodz — it wasn’t only in Germany, right?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/40305/file/111970#t=1180.0,1214.0"},{"id":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/40305/file/111970/transcript/66550/annotation/33","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BRUN: Of course.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eLEVIN: Lewandowski, many compositions, would you say, of Lewandowski?\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eBRUN: I sang many compositions.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eLEVIN: In Lodz?\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eBRUN: In Lodz. In that shul, where I was singing, I also was singled out as a soloist in Polokoff’s Mogen avos, if you’re familiar with the composition.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eLEVIN: No, not that one.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eBRUN: It’s the old, the choir starts… (Sings)","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/40305/file/111970#t=1214.0,1319.0"},{"id":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/40305/file/111970/transcript/66550/annotation/34","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"This was, this was my outstanding solo.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eLEVIN: Who was, who was Palyeff? Do you know this composition?\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eSEROTA: I’ve heard the name.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eBRUN: Palyakoff.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eSEROTA: In one of Broslovski’s books, he has some arrangements by Palyakoff.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eLEVIN: Does this music exist anywhere? Do you have the music for this?\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eBRUN: No, I don’t think so.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eLEVIN: Does it exist anywhere?\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eBRUN: It must be, it must be.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eSEROTA: The manuscript collections.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eLEVIN: Manuscript, but you wouldn’t know where to find the manuscript of Palyakoff.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eBRUN: I’ll look up in mine… I have a whole library with a lot of hazzanishe compositions, and I’ll have a look at that.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eLEVIN: This would be very interesting, to see it.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eAnd how about, how about Sulzer? Did you sing any Sulzer there?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/40305/file/111970#t=1319.0,1355.0"},{"id":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/40305/file/111970/transcript/66550/annotation/35","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BRUN: Of course.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eLEVIN: You did? In Lodz?\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eBRUN: Yeah, sure. (Sings)","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/40305/file/111970#t=1355.0,1396.0"},{"id":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/40305/file/111970/transcript/66550/annotation/36","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Are you familiar with that?\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eLEVIN: Yeah, sure. Sure. But it’s interesting to see what the repertoire was in, in cities like Lodz, Lodz, anywhere in Eastern Europe — in Poland, let’s say — in terms of German… composers from Germany and Austria. So we hear now that Lewandowski, you probably did many compositions of Lewandowski.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eSEROTA: Ma tovu I imagine you did from Lewandowski.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eBRUN: It’s another one of those… you cannot be a hazzan without singing Ma tovu. You cannot sing the…\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eLEVIN: Gerovich?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/40305/file/111970#t=1396.0,1425.0"},{"id":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/40305/file/111970/transcript/66550/annotation/37","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BRUN: Gerovich I sang.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eLEVIN: They did do Gerovich?\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eBRUN: Of course, Gerovich did first kaddishe and mimkomkha.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eLEVIN: And how about…\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eBRUN: (Sings) You are acquainted?\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eLEVIN: Sure. All the Gerovich.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eBRUN: (Sings)… by the way, he instituted a choir — Otto Wolf, whose pupil I was.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eLEVIN: In Vienna?\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eBRUN: In Vienna, in his school, in his conservatory, and he, among other compositions, had this composition of mimkomkha from…\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eLEVIN: Gerovich.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eSEROTA: Gerovich.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eBRUN: Gerovich.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/40305/file/111970#t=1425.0,1462.0"},{"id":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/40305/file/111970/transcript/66550/annotation/38","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"SEROTA: What kind of choir was this? Did this choir perform anywhere?\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eBRUN: He had a feeling for, for liturgical music.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eSEROTA: Wolf.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eBRUN: Wolf.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eWhile on the subject of Wolf, I must tell you this. When I was on the radio, one day after my program, I walked out from the studio, and I’m coming and I’m nearing to the door — a man, a short man, stopped me. “Mein namen, my name is Otto Wolf.”","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/40305/file/111970#t=1462.0,1496.0"},{"id":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/40305/file/111970/transcript/66550/annotation/39","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And I was shocked. He never, he didn’t pay attention to anybody of his students. Only professionally. Otherwise, he had no relationship with any of, with nobody.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eAnd he told me that he was proud of me, that a man like me, who was his pupil, made such a success on the radio. And I felt that I was given a mitzvah by inviting him, and invited him for lunch, on 49th Street, do you remember the restaurant on 94th Street— diary restaurant - this was not important, but I invited him for lunch, and he was a lonely man.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/40305/file/111970#t=1496.0,1547.0"},{"id":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/40305/file/111970/transcript/66550/annotation/40","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"He was teaching, he was teaching in Philadelphia in university — voice. And he lived in Washington Heights, and he traveled a few times a week, twice or three times a week, to Philadelphia. After listening to him and after spending time, I invited him to come out to Long Beach, but it was too difficult for him; he couldn’t accept the invitation.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eLEVIN: You told us who the conductor was in Lodz at the, at the…\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eBRUN: In my shul.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eLEVIN: …at the shul, but who was the hazzan? When you were in the choir as a young boy.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eBRUN: When I was… it was a hazzan Liss, L-i-s-s.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eLEVIN: Uh huh.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/40305/file/111970#t=1547.0,1590.0"},{"id":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/40305/file/111970/transcript/66550/annotation/41","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BRUN: And it was a hazzan Moshe Steltseveh, who had a voice, a tre-, a tre-, with a tremor — (sings). And the people didn’t like him, but they didn’t have the g-, the moral to throw him out.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eFinally, he left the job, and they hired another hazzan, Polakevich. And it was already a tradition that the cantor solos shall not be taken away from me, and I was continuing singing the cantor solos.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/40305/file/111970#t=1590.0,1632.0"},{"id":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/40305/file/111970/transcript/66550/annotation/42","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"SEROTA: Why did you sing the cantor solos?\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eBRUN: Because I was the attraction.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eSEROTA: I see. In other words, the cantor was not capable of singing the cantor solos\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eLEVIN: How did you get to Vienna from Lodz? What caused you…\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eBRUN: I saved money. I didn’t reveal to anybody from my family that I’m going to Vienna, and I bought a passport for this, an auslander, a pass. And I got a visa through Czechoslovakia to Hungary and to Portugal. But I didn’t get a visa to Vienna, to Austria. But nevertheless, I stopped in Vienna.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/40305/file/111970#t=1632.0,1677.0"},{"id":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/40305/file/111970/transcript/66550/annotation/43","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It was on a six o’clock in the morning when I arrived, and I went into a shul and I befriended a man, a young man, a Rabbi Greenberg, and I told him I just arrived from Lodz and I want to study here. And he asked me politely, “You have a passport?” I said, yes. I took out my passport and I showed him. He took the passport away from me, he told me that, “You have a passport without an auslander visa. How can you stay here? But nevertheless, you will sleep over in my house” — this Rabbi Greenberg.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/40305/file/111970#t=1677.0,1713.0"},{"id":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/40305/file/111970/transcript/66550/annotation/44","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And he asked me right in the morning when he invite me for breakfast, I should open my mouth and sing. And I sang for him and he told me, “You have a great future.” And the following morning, he told me, “You will sleep in my house until I will get you a visa in Austria.”\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eHe never got me a visa. Just I was, he was, I was illegally as a permanent. This was Vienna.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eLEVIN: But you stayed there for a little while? You sang?\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eBRUN: I stayed.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eLEVIN: In Vienna.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eBRUN: In his, in his house and then I became a student.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/40305/file/111970#t=1713.0,1751.0"},{"id":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/40305/file/111970/transcript/66550/annotation/45","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"LEVIN: Of Arthur Wolf?\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eBRUN: Arthur Wolf, and I then, and the Conservatory, in the Neus Viennishe Conservatorium.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eLEVIN: And how long did you stay in the Conservatory?\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eBRUN: An hour, a year with, a year and a half.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eLEVIN: So you were there a long time?\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eBRUN: A long time.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eSEROTA: So what synagogues do you remember? Do you remember the Seitenstettengasse temple?\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eBRUN: Seitenstettengasse — that’s where… yes.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eLEVIN: The Sulzer temple?\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eBRUN: No, this was the Seitenstettengasse was where Fisher was…\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eLEVIN: Yeah, no, but I mean, that was where Sulzer was…\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eBRUN: Yes.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eLEVIN: …doing the music 100 years ago.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/40305/file/111970#t=1751.0,1780.0"},{"id":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/40305/file/111970/transcript/66550/annotation/46","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"SEROTA: What kind of hazzan was Fisher?\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eBRUN: Top hazzan. Top hazzan. A baritone voice.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eBut the leading hazzan from among the hazzanim was Frankel. Margulis.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eSEROTA: What did Frankel have that Fisher didn’t have?\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eBRUN: Frankel had a voice for, to be liked be East European people. The modern, modern people didn’t like Frankel.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/40305/file/111970#t=1780.0,1811.0"},{"id":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/40305/file/111970/transcript/66550/annotation/47","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"You know, these hopkis. Like he sang the second kiddushe the na’aritzkha. (Sings) … this is from Frankel. (Sings) …. the choir repeats.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eSEROTA: So by Fisher they didn’t sing these types of compositions.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/40305/file/111970#t=1811.0,1840.0"},{"id":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/40305/file/111970/transcript/66550/annotation/48","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BRUN: No, it was a different shul and a different yik. Frankel attracted a lot of Jewish people from Eastern Europe, not from Vienna.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eLEVIN: And the other one — Fisher was in the Shtadt shul, yeah?\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eBRUN: Yeah, Fisher and Margulis.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eSEROTA: Margulis. Who were some of the other ones? In Vienna?\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eDid you know, Yehuda Mandel when he was in Vienna?\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eBRUN: Who?\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eSEROTA: Yehuda Mandel?\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eBRUN: No, he was in Budapest.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eSEROTA: Yeah, but he was in Vienna later for…\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eBRUN: Not my time.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/40305/file/111970#t=1840.0,1870.0"},{"id":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/40305/file/111970/transcript/66550/annotation/49","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BRUN: When I was hazzan in Haifa, he was also in a smaller shul in Haifa.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eSEROTA: And Leibish Miller you knew?\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eBRUN: Of course. But I didn’t know him when he came to Israel. I didn’t meet him in Israel. I met him in… I was a young boy.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eSEROTA: Did you ever hear Leibish Miller daven?\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eBRUN: Of course.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eSEROTA: What was he like?\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eBRUN: Outstanding. His voice was, he manipulated his, from a piano to a, from a forte to a piano to a pianissimo — the interpretation was a classic one. I liked him very much.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/40305/file/111970#t=1870.0,1908.0"},{"id":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/40305/file/111970/transcript/66550/annotation/50","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"SEROTA: When you say “classic,” you mean let’s say he sang like a, like a Western singer or something?\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eBRUN: Like a Western singer, like people who concertize with the modern, modern repertoire.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eSEROTA: Like Fisher did?\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eBRUN: Like Fisher.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eSEROTA: Except he had a little bit more warmth. Would you say he was more…\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eBRUN: Yes, yes.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eLEVIN: Did, and you left Vienna, and you went back to Lodz?\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eBRUN: I left Vienna. I was sent away from Vienna, and I went, I went to Pressburg, Bratislava.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eSEROTA: Hmmm.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/40305/file/111970#t=1908.0,1945.0"},{"id":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/40305/file/111970/transcript/66550/annotation/51","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BRUN: And over there was a choir leader by the name Keyofsky. And I went to this Keyofsky, and I told him who I was and what I, and why I came to Pressburg. And he told me, “Go to the shul and tell them that you are a hazzan too, not only a choir singer.”\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eAnd I went to the shul where my uncle used to be a hazzan, in the big shul — you heard of Morocha? And I asked him to permit me to daven a Shabbes. And he looked at me — I was shaved. “How do I know that you are Jewish?” the President told me. Very serious. So I gave him, I started to sing a few prayers, and he gave me the permission to daven Shabbes.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/40305/file/111970#t=1945.0,1995.0"},{"id":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/40305/file/111970/transcript/66550/annotation/52","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And he gave me two tickets to go Friday night and Saturday lunch to eat in a restaurant which was open Shabbes, but the tickets had to be bought in advance. And I ate there, and I davenned Shabbes, and I got paid. And then I continued from Pressburg, from Bratislava to Bruneau, Brun, my city. And I went immediately up to a Cantor… what was name… the cantor from… Mann!","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/40305/file/111970#t=1995.0,2037.0"},{"id":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/40305/file/111970/transcript/66550/annotation/53","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"SEROTA: Yitzhak Mann?\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eBRUN: Ignatz Mann. Ignatz Mann. I came to Yitzhak Mann and he wanted to show off that he — he had a reputation that he didn’t know Hebrew. He didn’t know well Hebrew, anyway. So he took out a chummash and he needed (inaudible) from the week. Remarkable. And he opened his mouth, and he sang for me all kind of servitor. The voice was unbelievable. He had a high C with a crescendo. He took the high C in forte, and then he…","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/40305/file/111970#t=2037.0,2074.0"},{"id":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/40305/file/111970/transcript/66550/annotation/54","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"LEVIN: Now, first of all, in… is that how you got your name? Did you take the name of the city of Brun?\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eBRUN: No, my name is Brun.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eLEVIN: It was Brun from, from…\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eBRUN: From at home, from where I was born, Brun. But in America, the B-r-u-n what I had at home was with two dots on the u.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eSEROTA: An umlaut.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eBRUN: Two, yeah, umlaut. That’s right. But, and it became Brun. But in Yiddish, I am still advertised as Brun.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eLEVIN: But in other words, it’s not, it’s not from…","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/40305/file/111970#t=2074.0,2110.0"},{"id":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/40305/file/111970/transcript/66550/annotation/55","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BRUN: Not legally changed.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eLEVIN: It has nothing to do with the city of Brun.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eBRUN: Yes. When I went, when I walked into the post office in Bruneau, when I told them that I here, I’m here on a visa, on a transit visa…\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eLEVIN: Hmmm-mmmm.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eBRUN: So they gave me a paper to sign, and I signed my name, Abraham Brun. “Who’s the… the gates are open for you.”\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eLEVIN: But it’s a coincidence. Your family never lived there. Your grandfathers or…\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eBRUN: No, no, no.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eLEVIN: How did, so how did they get the name, how did they get the name Brun?\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eBRUN: Mine daughter was in Israel, she was, she was at Beit Hatfutsot. And they gave her a whole bunch of papers, but it… nothing, nothing says where the name came.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/40305/file/111970#t=2110.0,2156.0"},{"id":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/40305/file/111970/transcript/66550/annotation/56","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"LEVIN: Uh huh. Now, do you have, for example, it brings to mind the famous composer Bezalel Brun.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eBRUN: No relationship.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eLEVIN: No relation.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eSEROTA: One question we didn’t ask. We didn’t ask why it was that you went to Vienna to begin with. What was your intention…\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eBRUN: My intention…\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eSEROTA: …in leaving Lodz and going to Vienna?\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eBRUN: To make a career, to be one of the greatest singers in the world.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eLEVIN: Singer or hazzan?\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eBRUN: Singer.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eLEVIN: A western singer.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eBRUN: A western singer. With my voice, I opened my voice and people were fascinated.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eLEVIN: So you were going to be a concert singer. Did you think you were going to be an opera singer?\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eBRUN: I didn’t, I didn’t think of being in opera, but at that time, it was a singer by the name — the Yiddish singer Schmidt, Joseph Schmidt.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eLEVIN: Yes.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/40305/file/111970#t=2156.0,2206.0"},{"id":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/40305/file/111970/transcript/66550/annotation/57","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BRUN: And I was a big fan of Joseph Schmidt. And I wanted to be like Joseph Schmidt. And my voice, to the opinion of many mavinem, to many critics, has a similarity to the voice of Joseph Schmidt.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eLEVIN: But you went to Budapest also, yes?\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eBRUN: I went to Budapest. This is a story very interesting for you to know. I had, I sang together in Lodz in a choir with a tenor, his name was Gotschall.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/40305/file/111970#t=2206.0,2236.0"},{"id":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/40305/file/111970/transcript/66550/annotation/58","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"LEVIN: I want to stop you, but this is — you’ll see why — and ask you something about Gotschall. This was in Lodz already or in…\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eBRUN: I was, when I was in choir in Lodz. One of the four tenors was a tenor by the name Gotschall, Shloimey Gotschall. And he told me that he has a brother, Jacob, who is a choir leader in Budapest. And his hazzan there is Tkach. I don’t know if you heard the name.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eLEVIN: Israel Tkach.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eBRUN: Tkach… because he was in the Rumbach Shul. In the Rumbach Shul.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/40305/file/111970#t=2236.0,2274.0"},{"id":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/40305/file/111970/transcript/66550/annotation/59","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And I went to this Mr. Gotschall and I introduced myself, and I told him, “I just bring you regards from your brother. I was singing together in choir with him in Lodz.”\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eAnd he invited me to his apartment. He was a bachelor. I remember the address — Teleketaire 80. And his apartment was filled with the music, with all, from all kind.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/40305/file/111970#t=2274.0,2311.0"},{"id":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/40305/file/111970/transcript/66550/annotation/60","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And at that time, he was also the choir leader in the Budapest opera. Only the choir leader. Not with the orchestra, but he conducted the choir.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eAnd he helped me a lot. And he introduced me to the hazzan in the shul, Tkach. Tkach. You remember the name?\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eLEVIN: Yes.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eWell, was there another Gotschall that you ever came across by the name Samuel Gotschall?\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eBRUN: No.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eLEVIN: Did his parents in, did his ancestors, were they involved in hazzanas, Gotschall?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/40305/file/111970#t=2311.0,2342.0"},{"id":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/40305/file/111970/transcript/66550/annotation/61","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BRUN: I know that Gotschall had a brother who was a shochet in Debrecen. Debrecen, Hungary. But I never met him. I didn’t have a chance to go and to meet him, but I met other hazzanim in Budapest from, who were very friendly with me — Fisher. You heard of Fisher in Budapest?\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eLEVIN: In Buda-… not the main, no.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eBRUN: No, he wasn’t…\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eLEVIN: Fish I heard of.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eBRUN: Fisher.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eLEVIN: No, I didn’t, I didn’t know Fisher.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eBRUN: Fisher.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/40305/file/111970#t=2342.0,2373.0"},{"id":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/40305/file/111970/transcript/66550/annotation/62","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"LEVIN: I have a book, a par de tour, basically, that has the name “Gotschall” on it written in hand, Samuel Gotschall. So I’m… and I don’t know exactly where it’s from. Somewhere from Hungary. And I’m wondering… or maybe even Romania, and I’m wondering if it’s…\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eBRUN: Well this Gotschall was Polish, was…\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eLEVIN: He was Polish.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eBRUN: Polish, from my city.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eLEVIN: And there was, one of the ancestors was active Zion-, in the Zionist movement. Bef-, earlier, early Zionism. Maybe the same family, maybe not.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eBRUN: Could be.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/40305/file/111970#t=2373.0,2403.0"},{"id":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/40305/file/111970/transcript/66550/annotation/63","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"SEROTA: Did Gotschall show you his music? Jacob Gotschall?\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eBRUN: Yes, he gave me, he dedicated Wunder (?) Sav, from the famous (inaudible).\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eSEROTA: Right.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eBRUN: (Sings) It’s written in D-minor.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/40305/file/111970#t=2403.0,2457.0"},{"id":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/40305/file/111970/transcript/66550/annotation/64","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"This is the beginning, and then the schmaltz comes in with (inaudible). You never heard it?\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eSEROTA: No. This is Gotschall?\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eBRUN: This is Jacob Gotschall, the composition.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eSEROTA: You sang it on concerts?\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eBRUN: Yes.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eSEROTA: Did you sing any of his other compositions?\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eBRUN: No. This is the only composition, this was in style at that time.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eLEVIN: In Europe or in America?\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eBRUN: In Europe.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eLEVIN: And you have, do you have the music from it?\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eBRUN: No.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eLEVIN: No music, nothing.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eBRUN: No.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eLEVIN: Is it written anywhere?\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eSEROTA: It’s a printed composition.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eLEVIN: Oh, the Gotschall?\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eSEROTA: It’s printed, it’s printed. In fact, various hazzanim who came from Hungary used to sing this number.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eBRUN: This was in style then.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eSEROTA: There was a Hazzan Glickstein.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eBRUN: Yes, Glickstein.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eSEROTA: He came, he was at Mishkan Tefila in Boston, and he brought it with him and he used to sing it.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/40305/file/111970#t=2457.0,2497.0"},{"id":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/40305/file/111970/transcript/66550/annotation/65","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BRUN: This was the style. A hazzan who couldn’t produce this, Gotschall’s… was not in style. At that time.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eLEVIN: Now, you went back to, did you go back to Lodz eventually?\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eBRUN: When I, I was… I want to finish up with Budapest.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eLEVIN: Oh, yeah.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eBRUN: I davenned in Budapest the shul where Gotschall was the hazzan, davenned the Shabbes, they paid me.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/40305/file/111970#t=2497.0,2522.0"},{"id":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/40305/file/111970/transcript/66550/annotation/66","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"But all of a sudden, I got, I was approached by a man from my city who was the head of a big textile factory in Budapest. And he knew — at that time, was the style of somebody young with a future to make a career, he immediately got the sponsors. And a man came over to me and he told me, “I’m from Lodz. I have a business here, I have a factory, a textile factory. If you need some help, I will try to help you.” And he told me that, “I could put you on, on the radio for a song, for two songs. No hazzanas.”","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/40305/file/111970#t=2522.0,2564.0"},{"id":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/40305/file/111970/transcript/66550/annotation/67","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And I sang over the radio, the first time a Jewish boy, not a… and a foreigner, sang over the radio in Budapest. And I was very proud. And he took charge of me; he gave me some money, and I stayed a few weeks.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eAnd the hazzanim from the different synagogues, they made a reception. There was a famous coffee house in Budapest, Andrashutz Coffee House. And they made a reception for this young boy, with all kind of coffee they gave me — it was unusual, especially you know, in Hungary — an East European Jewish boy was not too well accepted.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/40305/file/111970#t=2564.0,2616.0"},{"id":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/40305/file/111970/transcript/66550/annotation/68","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"SEROTA: Do you speak Hungarian?\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eBRUN: A few words.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eLEVIN: Well, what kind of things did you sing on the radio in Hungary?\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eBRUN: I sang Fedora (sings) I mean, not with this voice.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eLEVIN: Nothing Jewish.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eBRUN: No.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eLEVIN: But Yiddish, or something.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eBRUN: No.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eLEVIN: Nothing at all.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eSEROTA: Anything in Hungarian?\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eBRUN: No, no, I didn’t think of it. I know what this (INAUDIBLE).\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eLEVIN: (?).","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/40305/file/111970#t=2616.0,2648.0"},{"id":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/40305/file/111970/transcript/66550/annotation/69","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"LEVIN: But you eventually got back to Lodz.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eBRUN: One on a…\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eLEVIN: Yeah. Tell me all the…\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eBRUN: I was invited for an evening by a Hazzan Tashlitsky. You heard the name?\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eLEVIN: Yes.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eBRUN: He was a shochet. His brother was a hazzan in London. And the hazzanim came over at eight o’clock in the evening, and we stayed the whole, almost till five o’clock in the morning, singing anything — this Tashlitsky was a shochet.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/40305/file/111970#t=2648.0,2685.0"},{"id":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/40305/file/111970/transcript/66550/annotation/70","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And I will never forget that night and that evening, what I spent with Hazzan Tashlitsky — was very, very warm, haimish. Then I left Budapest.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eLEVIN: And you went directly to Lodz?\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eBRUN: No. On the plane, on the international train — this was supposed to take me to Lodz or a city near Lodz. This was the express train — Vienna, Pressburg, Vienna, Prague, Warsaw — this was the….","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/40305/file/111970#t=2685.0,2730.0"},{"id":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/40305/file/111970/transcript/66550/annotation/71","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And I took the train, and before the, before the border, the gendarmerie, or the police, told me that I don’t have the necessary papers to let me through. It was at night, and the trains were running only once a day. Once in 24 hours. So I was very desperate.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eAnd I, plainly, I was crying, “My mother is dying.” My mother was in hospital. And I was asking them, “You must have a new passport, a stamp from the police, yet you didn’t commit any crime while in Hungary.” Who could help me?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/40305/file/111970#t=2730.0,2775.0"},{"id":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/40305/file/111970/transcript/66550/annotation/72","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So they told me I shall walk a half an hour, on this, it was like a highway, and when you will see a house lit with light on, go in it — over there lives a rabbi. He spoke a broken German. And I went. And I saw a tall, Jewish man with a long beard — couldn’t speak English, couldn’t speak German, English, I didn’t speak either.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/40305/file/111970#t=2775.0,2808.0"},{"id":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/40305/file/111970/transcript/66550/annotation/73","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And I, and without any language, I told him that I am in desperation of help, I need help, the police wouldn’t let me out, my mother’s, is mortally ill, and I only have a limited chance to go home and to see her.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eAnd he told me to wait, his daughters will come from work, or from wherever they were. And they were friends, the daughters were friends with the police. And they took me along to the police, and I had to pay a certain amount of money for stamps, and he put the stamps on, on my passport.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/40305/file/111970#t=2808.0,2860.0"},{"id":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/40305/file/111970/transcript/66550/annotation/74","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And, “You are free to go.” And I went back home.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eLEVIN: And then what happened in Lodz? You, you…\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eBRUN: Then, when I came to Lodz, I went right away to, the following morning — I came at night, I couldn’t do anything. I went right away to the hospital to see my mother olav hasholem. And she got up and she was sitting and crying that she was, she had this husse, the merit of seeing her beloved Avrameleh — I was the youngest alive. And we had a reunion which lasted only 24 hours. The following day, she died.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/40305/file/111970#t=2860.0,2895.0"},{"id":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/40305/file/111970/transcript/66550/annotation/75","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And then it started — my, my career as a traveling hazzan. I started to travel. I had the posters ready, and whichever city I arrived, I had the shammes of wherever it took place, took charge. I just had to fill in Hazzan Avraham Brun, the (INAUDIBLE) hazzan, will daven a ma’ariv, and give a concert, this and this date. In hundreds and hundreds of cities and small towns, which this by itself is a story for itself.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/40305/file/111970#t=2895.0,2935.0"},{"id":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/40305/file/111970/transcript/66550/annotation/76","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"LEVIN: Well, I want to ask you about that. You traveled with a choir?\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eBRUN: No.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eLEVIN: All by yourself.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eBRUN: All my myself.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eLEVIN: And what did you do when you came to a… in the first place, how did you find, how did you get engagements to sing in a certain town?\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eBRUN: When I came into a town, I went first to the shul to the mincha ma’ariv. And I introduced myself, I told them plain, I would like to daven a ma’ariv and give a concert. A concert consists of hazzanas and a few Yiddish songs. This was the style at that time.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eLEVIN: So you did it on your own? You went…","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/40305/file/111970#t=2935.0,2966.0"},{"id":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/40305/file/111970/transcript/66550/annotation/77","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BRUN: On my own, there was no…. One day, I was in a city, Lido — you heard of a city, this in the…\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eLEVIN: I heard of Lido Beach.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eBRUN: No, no. I was told, “If you don’t hire this particular man to advertise you, you will not have an audience. You will not have for whom to sing.” So I hired a man, I made up, I wrote a contract with him that whatever money I will be making for this concert — you know, it was not printed tickets, it was, it was a man was standing at the door, and charging each and every one who walked into shul a certain amount of money — and for that money, I had to pay the shul 25 percent. In other words, a quarter from that money went to him.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/40305/file/111970#t=2966.0,3022.0"},{"id":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/40305/file/111970/transcript/66550/annotation/78","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And I, and I was single. Finally, I got back close to my home, and I took a job for the High Holidays in a big hall. They had a hall, which a whole year long they had the weddings. I took the job there — I was a High Holiday hazzan. I got well paid.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eLEVIN: In Lodz?\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eBRUN: In Lodz. And I was good-looking, I can say. And I was strong and young, with full of ambition.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/40305/file/111970#t=3022.0,3062.0"},{"id":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/40305/file/111970/transcript/66550/annotation/79","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And I met my first wife, and she was against me being a hazzan. She didn’t like it.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eSEROTA: What did she want you to do?\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eBRUN: She was a rich daughter. Not, not like in America rich, but in Poland rich.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eSEROTA: What does that mean, in Poland rich? What did her father do?\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eBRUN: He had a wholesale glass business. He sold glass for the, for those who put in glasses in the windows.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eSEROTA: I see. Did he want to take you, did he want to take you into the business?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/40305/file/111970#t=3062.0,3100.0"},{"id":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/40305/file/111970/transcript/66550/annotation/80","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BRUN: No, but I had a friend, a close friend, closer than a relative, and he was a manufacturer, and he was very successful. In whatever he did, he made money. He was successful. And one day, I told him, “Look. I’m going to get married. And I would like to make parnossa not from hazzanas.”","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/40305/file/111970#t=3100.0,3128.0"},{"id":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/40305/file/111970/transcript/66550/annotation/81","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Because I was tired of traveling around. And to get a job as a hazzan without a wife and children, you couldn’t get, because a hazzan was hired only if he had a family. Are you acquainted with that?\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eLEVIN: This is, it’s not…\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eSEROTA: You have it all through history. And the woman wouldn’t marry you unless you had a job. And you couldn’t get a job unless you were married.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eBRUN: Not a job, you had to be in business. Over there, it didn’t exist, jobs. What job?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/40305/file/111970#t=3128.0,3155.0"},{"id":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/40305/file/111970/transcript/66550/annotation/82","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"A job was only own a factory, and the goyim were working in factories, or there were people who had a certain, a certain styles — a tailor, other, other…\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eLEVIN: Trades, other trades.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eSEROTA: Trader.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eBRUN: I was, I was born a hazzan. I was really born a hazzan.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/40305/file/111970#t=3155.0,3185.0"},{"id":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/40305/file/111970/transcript/66550/annotation/83","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"SEROTA: Did you ever study hazzanas formally, or whatever you learned you learned singing in a choir with hazzanim?\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eBRUN: Yes. I learned by a hazzan. His name was Alterman. I think his son came to the United States, and he was an accompanist.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eLEVIN: You studied formally hazzanas with him, recitatives?\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eBRUN: Not with the son.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eLEVIN: No, with the father.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eBRUN: With the father. He was a hazzan with long hair, long hair, and with a top hat on Shabbes. He was a musical man; he taught me solfeggio. He told me how to control and how to make from my talent a cultured and an educated hazzan.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/40305/file/111970#t=3185.0,3234.0"},{"id":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/40305/file/111970/transcript/66550/annotation/84","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"LEVIN: But things like how to improvise, how to sing hazzanas, recitative, whether it’s written or whether it’s improvised. Where did you learn this?\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eBRUN: I think this, this was born.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eLEVIN: You didn’t study it with him?\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eBRUN: No. I’ll, I’ll explain you something.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eWhen I was a young boy, it was during the German occupation in Lodz.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eLEVIN: The first war?\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eBRUN: The first war, World War I. And it was a hunger, it was not food, there was not available. My father had a business. He was manufacturing the shirts and…\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eLEVIN: Cuffs.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/40305/file/111970#t=3234.0,3275.0"},{"id":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/40305/file/111970/transcript/66550/annotation/85","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BRUN: Cuffs. And collars at that time, he was…\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eLEVIN: (INAUDIBLE)\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eBRUN: And the Germans from the first, World War I, they came in, they looked, they requested they put everything together and they told my father, “Now is war — you have nothing,” and my father olav hashalom came home and he said with a Tisha b’Av niggun, “Kinderlech, me venzech layden shluffen in ge gassen.”","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/40305/file/111970#t=3275.0,3307.0"},{"id":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/40305/file/111970/transcript/66550/annotation/86","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And I started to cry. And I started… I was an hour suffer, and I later suffer. And I was kicking with my legs, “I want to have everything, but I want.” And I fell asleep. And I sang in… while I was on the sofa I was singing…(sings)","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/40305/file/111970#t=3307.0,3363.0"},{"id":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/40305/file/111970/transcript/66550/annotation/87","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"This was my original first composition as a boy of eight years old.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eAnd I remembered this. I didn’t written it down. I have it in my mind like printed in my memory.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/40305/file/111970#t=3363.0,3377.0"},{"id":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/40305/file/111970/transcript/66550/annotation/88","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"LEVIN: And then, where were you when, when the war happened? When the Germans came to Poland in 1939, where were you?\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eBRUN: In 1939, I was in Lodz, and I had, the last contact was in Pietekov’s big synagogue, where Rabbi Lowell was the rabbi, or Rabbi Shapiro was the rabbi before.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/40305/file/111970#t=3377.0,3401.0"},{"id":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/40305/file/111970/transcript/66550/annotation/89","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And it was, the hazzan I was succeeding, my predecessor was a hazzan who left for Montevideo. And I got the job for the High Holidays.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eBut it’s interesting to know that one day I received a letter from the Commissioner from the Polish government, who was in charge of approving expenses which the shul made. Why was he in charge? Because he was the Yiddishe Kehiller or the Jewish…","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/40305/file/111970#t=3401.0,3447.0"},{"id":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/40305/file/111970/transcript/66550/annotation/90","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"SEROTA: Community.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eBRUN: The Jewish community, they had, they supervised the main synagogue. And this letter asked me, “Please be kind enough to report to me in my office in the Jewish Community Center in Pietekov,” signed Vlasov Shereshevsky, from the big millionaires in Poland. An assimilated Jew.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eTo make the story short, I came — is it important — you want to know this?\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eLEVIN: Yes.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/40305/file/111970#t=3447.0,3487.0"},{"id":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/40305/file/111970/transcript/66550/annotation/91","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BRUN: I came up to him, and before I walked into his office, the warders, the tough guys from Pietekov who were saying that, “In case he will make difficulties for you, we will cut him short, we will knock him off his head.” They were the tough guys.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eAnd I walked in, and he asked me to sit down. And he had a copy or a — what — a contract what I was given before hiring me.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/40305/file/111970#t=3487.0,3523.0"},{"id":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/40305/file/111970/transcript/66550/annotation/92","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And he asked me, “Why do you deserve so much money for so little work? I own a factory which are employing 1100 people. Nobody makes a whole year what you will get paid here for the few days. Why?”\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eI told him in a plain, relaxed voice, they had cantors applying for the job and that they officiated and nobody was liked like I was liked.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/40305/file/111970#t=3523.0,3560.0"},{"id":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/40305/file/111970/transcript/66550/annotation/93","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Apparently, this was good for the congregation. They hired me. This was my plain… this was the way I was thinking, and I explained it.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eHe didn’t buy it. But finally, he sit and sit and sit and sit, contemplating, he took the pen with anger, with an obvious anger, he signed his name. It was already eight days before, before, eight or ten days before Rosh Hashana. He put his signature on the contract.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/40305/file/111970#t=3560.0,3599.0"},{"id":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/40305/file/111970/transcript/66550/annotation/94","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"LEVIN: This was in 1939?\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eBRUN: This was in 1938.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eLEVIN: Eight, a year before. The last… yeah.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eBRUN: In 1939, it was no services.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eLEVIN: Because there was no, they came in September.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eBRUN: I davenned in a private room.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eLEVIN: Now, what I want to… if this was ‘38, and this was a Jew who was, I mean, assimilated Jew, but he was…\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eBRUN: Assimilated.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eLEVIN: …but he was with the government.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eBRUN: He was the Commissioner.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eLEVIN: He had a position, a governmental…\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eBRUN: He wasn’t paid for it, but he was he, he was the con-… Shereshevsky from tobacco, one of the biggest millionaires.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/40305/file/111970#t=3599.0,3632.0"},{"id":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/40305/file/111970/transcript/66550/annotation/95","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"LEVIN: And for example, a little thing, your contract. You say you had a written contract with the synagogue.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eBRUN: A written contract with the…\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eLEVIN: What language is in? In Yiddish?\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eBRUN: Polish.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eLEVIN: Between you and the synagogue?\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eBRUN: Yeah. It was an official document.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eLEVIN: Yeah, but I would have thought it was in Yiddish because it’s a…\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eBRUN: Polish. Because the gemineh, it was like a government…\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eLEVIN: I see. And it had the… all right. Now, what happened — in 1939, of course, the…\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eBRUN: 1939…\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eLEVIN: …the invasion was before the High Holidays, wasn’t it?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/40305/file/111970#t=3632.0,3663.0"},{"id":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/40305/file/111970/transcript/66550/annotation/96","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BRUN: Yes. And I had a contract to daven again in Pietekov. It was voided, nothing.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eLEVIN: What was the, did you remember in, from 19-, in that year before, before the German army invaded Poland, so in other words, from, from the time of the last holidays that you did in 1938, you were in Lodz the whole year after that.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eBRUN: Yes.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eLEVIN: What was the feeling? I mean, did anyone expect an invasion?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/40305/file/111970#t=3663.0,3698.0"},{"id":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/40305/file/111970/transcript/66550/annotation/97","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BRUN: No. We didn’t anticipate it at all. But I was, I have… did you see the picture from my only son?\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eLEVIN: Yes.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eBRUN: Yes. This was taken 1939, while I was living with my family at that time, in a dacha, which means a summer place where I spent the summer with my family. It was in a forest, it was a forest, and across the street, four bungalows. And the people rented out the bungalows, and I was renting a bungalow for the summer.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/40305/file/111970#t=3698.0,3735.0"},{"id":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/40305/file/111970/transcript/66550/annotation/98","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"All of a sudden, I heard that Polish army is marching, it’s going to be a war. I took everything what I possessed, I hired a peasant, a Polish peasant, to drive me with the horse wagon to Lodz, and on the way, we saw the Polish military marching, and the war was already — this was September 1939. No, this was August. And the war started September the 1st 1939.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/40305/file/111970#t=3735.0,3778.0"},{"id":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/40305/file/111970/transcript/66550/annotation/99","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And when the war started, I felt it beneath nissim min hashamayim to survive. Because the Germans, six days later — or seven days, to be correct — the German army marched in and I walked, and I was very anxious to see how the German troops are marching in, in the main street of Lodz. And I saw the mechanized German army sitting strong with machine guns, and with their equipment and bosses, not marching like the Polish soldiers. And they marched through.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/40305/file/111970#t=3778.0,3830.0"},{"id":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/40305/file/111970/transcript/66550/annotation/100","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And then it started, the, they were running after Jews, to catch the Jews. And I went to my regular coffee house, and to meet other people who were trapped in Lodz. And I came in, I saw Jewish people — writers, important business people and others — sitting like usually in there in the coffee house and sipping coffee. I sat down and I wanted to order a cup of coffee. A man came over and put his arm on my shoulders and said, “What are you doing? You’re putting in your head in the lion’s mouth. Any minute they will take out the Jews.”","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/40305/file/111970#t=3830.0,3881.0"},{"id":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/40305/file/111970/transcript/66550/annotation/101","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I said, I was running out from the coffee house, and I avoided… the following days, I found out that the Germans, the, the soldiers rounded up the Jews, and they took them out to a forest near Lodz, and they killed them like nothing.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eLEVIN: In the years before — let’s say, ‘37, ’38 — was there any conversation or talk in Lodz about what was happening in Germany to Jews? Or were…\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eBRUN: We read the papers.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eLEVIN: That’s it. And what did the papers say? Did they tell…","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/40305/file/111970#t=3881.0,3915.0"},{"id":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/40305/file/111970/transcript/66550/annotation/102","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BRUN: The papers, according to the papers at that time, we realized that the Germans will take over the government — it was already the, Hitler was already in power. But the predictions and our feelings were not good. We read in the papers, I read — fortunately, I understood German, and I read the Polish press. I was a very ardent reader of newspapers. I read every day the German newspaper, the Polish newspapers and the Yiddish newspapers. And I had, I had a feeling what’s going on.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/40305/file/111970#t=3915.0,3954.0"},{"id":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/40305/file/111970/transcript/66550/annotation/103","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"LEVIN: But the people in Lodz didn’t think it would come to them?\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eBRUN: No. I had an acquaintance — a German, a Volksdeutsche — which meant he was a, he was born in Lodz, but he was a German. And I was very close with him. And I, one day I walked into his office, and I asked him, “What’s going to happen to the Jews?” He told me, “Pick yourself up and go as far as could be.”","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/40305/file/111970#t=3954.0,3989.0"},{"id":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/40305/file/111970/transcript/66550/annotation/104","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"LEVIN: Did you ever think of going to America?\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eBRUN: No. I hadn’t, I had no, no, no friends, no, and no relatives in America.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eLEVIN: Or Palestine?\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eBRUN: There was no, there was no way of getting a certificate. At that time it was… later on, they got a thousand certificates. And this was controlled by the, by the Jewish Organization. They gave all of the certificates to party people.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eLEVIN: But that’s later.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eBRUN: This was later.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/40305/file/111970#t=3989.0,4019.0"},{"id":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/40305/file/111970/transcript/66550/annotation/105","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"LEVIN: In, in Lodz before the war, again going back to whatever, before, before the Nazis ever came there. When it was a free Polish government. Would you say, in Lodz, that the Jews lived freely as Jews? I mean, or…\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eBRUN: No, not whatsoever. There was anti-Semitism indescribable.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eLEVIN: All the time?\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eBRUN: All the time.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eLEVIN: How did it affect, let’s say, your life, the people you knew, in, before Hitler?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/40305/file/111970#t=4019.0,4050.0"},{"id":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/40305/file/111970/transcript/66550/annotation/106","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BRUN: We got so used to the stone-throwing from the Poles and to anti-Semitic insults like, “Gegee to Palestini!” or “Jews to Palestine!” It was a… not counting the physical acts from them. And we got used to it. Like boys who getting used to different games. It was difficult, but we lived.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/40305/file/111970#t=4050.0,4081.0"},{"id":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/40305/file/111970/transcript/66550/annotation/107","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"If Poland had a popula-, a Jewish population consisting of 10% of the population, three and half million Jews lived there. And we lived there almost a thousand years.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eLEVIN: But I think in Lodz, weren’t Jews one-third the population in Lodz?\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eBRUN: Yes. You’re right. You’re right — it’s one-third of the Jewish population, it was… the population was 300-, 750,000. And a quarter of that was the Jewish population.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/40305/file/111970#t=4081.0,4122.0"},{"id":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/40305/file/111970/transcript/66550/annotation/108","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"LEVIN: There was no ghetto, was there, until, until…\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eBRUN: No, no ghetto.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eLEVIN: …the Germans.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eBRUN: The ghetto started in 1940. It was obligatory. 19-, the end of 1939, it was… people were ordered to move into the Jewish ghetto, which was the poorest section of the city of Lodz before the ghetto. And I remember, I took, I rented a horse wagon, a wagon with a horse, and I put whatever I could on this wagon.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/40305/file/111970#t=4122.0,4165.0"},{"id":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/40305/file/111970/transcript/66550/annotation/109","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And when I… and I was stopped by a German, a Volksdeutsche — Volksdeutsche meant somebody was born in Poland, but he was a German. Where I’m going, he asked me. I told him, “I’m going to, you read that there’s an order to move to the ghetto.” He told me that, “Don’t, don’t stop no place. If I will see you again, I will give you” — he took out his revolver — “I’ll give you this in your head.”","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/40305/file/111970#t=4165.0,4197.0"},{"id":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/40305/file/111970/transcript/66550/annotation/110","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And I continued with my little bit what I saved from my home, and I went to the ghetto.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eAnd the ghetto started hell.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eLEVIN: You lived in the ghetto for how many years, until you…\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eBRUN: From 1940 until 1944, when I was sent to the, to Auschwitz.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eLEVIN: You continued to function as a hazzan in the ghetto?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/40305/file/111970#t=4197.0,4232.0"},{"id":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/40305/file/111970/transcript/66550/annotation/111","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BRUN: Of course. Didn’t you see in the, I think I brought…\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eLEVIN: No. Tell, how did that… tell me about that.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eBRUN: There was a, there was a kitchen. It was named in German or in Yiddish, de intellegenten kuch. It was (INAUDIBLE), and over there, they had services for the High Holidays, and I was hired to be the hazzan.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eIn 19-… who was my choir leader? My choir leader was…\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eMRS. BRUN: Shloimey Geese.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/40305/file/111970#t=4232.0,4270.0"},{"id":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/40305/file/111970/transcript/66550/annotation/112","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BRUN: Shloimey Geese. He was my choir leader, and we sang the nice compositions, and he had a wonderful choir. I was young; he was young.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eLEVIN: Where did you get music in the midst of a…\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eBRUN: He had.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eLEVIN: He had music?\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eBRUN: He had music. We, we sang Sulzer’s Ein Kamocha. (Sings)\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eSEROTA: You didn’t sing with children? Just men, just men.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eBRUN: No. He had 24 men.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/40305/file/111970#t=4270.0,4305.0"},{"id":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/40305/file/111970/transcript/66550/annotation/113","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"LEVIN: All men.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eBRUN: All men, the nicest voices.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eLEVIN: But no children. No boys.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eBRUN: No. No.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eLEVIN: So you see, that’s the question there again, that’s the old question. With what, where did they get the TTBB arrangements? These were male choir arrangements, but Sulzer was for children, so who made…\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eBRUN: They sang, they sang, they sang the part of altos and they sang the part of sopranos.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eLEVIN: And they just adjusted it?\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eMRS. BRUN: Yes, of course.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eLEVIN: They didn’t rewrite it? He didn’t…\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eBRUN: I don’t think so. I don’t think so, but it was a perfect harmony, it was perfect. And the voices were excellent.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eLEVIN: And there were, there were synagogues functioning then, throughout in the ghetto?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/40305/file/111970#t=4305.0,4344.0"},{"id":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/40305/file/111970/transcript/66550/annotation/114","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BRUN: No, the synagogues were not allowed. Only those, it was one hazzan was Winograd, he was the former hazzan from the shdut shul. He davenned in a movie house. Raskin davenned in a movie house.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eSEROTA: In the ghetto?\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eBRUN: In the ghetto. We are talking now only about the ghetto.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThere was a hazzan by the name Taffel, who was in Oriakev — he was shot to death by the Germans. He davenned. That’s all.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eSEROTA: And you davenned in a hall.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/40305/file/111970#t=4344.0,4378.0"},{"id":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/40305/file/111970/transcript/66550/annotation/115","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BRUN: And that hall was a movie theater before.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eSEROTA: And people came?\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eBRUN: It was only for the intelligentsia.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThen I gave a concert at the same place. And who was my accompanist? Otto Reider. He was an assimilated Jew, but he was the official accompanist in the Philharmonic in Lodz.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eLEVIN: What did you sing in the concert?\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eBRUN: I sang Yiddish, Polish, hazzanas, and then, when I changed the place, when I was invited by the Jewish Control — you don’t have anything here?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/40305/file/111970#t=4378.0,4420.0"},{"id":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/40305/file/111970/transcript/66550/annotation/116","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"SEROTA: I think in the insert that we’ll show later on for your Songs in the Ghettos album, there’s a reproduction of a concert program.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eBRUN: Yeah, I found it here in the Yidisher Visnshaftlekher Institut. YIVO.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eLEVIN: Right.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eBRUN: I found…\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eLEVIN: When you sang hazzanas on a concert, did you have written arrangements?\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eBRUN: Not necessarily. You, usually, my accompanist was… what’s his name? The… you remember my accompanist.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/40305/file/111970#t=4420.0,4455.0"},{"id":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/40305/file/111970/transcript/66550/annotation/117","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"LEVIN: Here, or…\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eBRUN: Here in America.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eSEROTA: But I mean, let’s say, in Europe, when you were singing in Lodz, and you sang a concert, or you traveled around, and you gave a concert, and let’s see, you davenned a ma’ariv and you sang some pieces of hazzanas. Did you have written accompaniments with these compositions?\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eBRUN: I did not have, because they didn’t have an instrument in the shul where I was singing.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eLEVIN: I see. So if you sang songs…\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eBRUN: Yeah.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eLEVIN: You just sang them without any accompaniment.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eBRUN: I had a few instances where I had accompaniment. It was like in a city, Boronowitz, I had an accompanist, a hazzan, who was very musically, and he had an instrument, but I didn’t have the music for it. So he did it without the music.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/40305/file/111970#t=4455.0,4501.0"},{"id":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/40305/file/111970/transcript/66550/annotation/118","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"LEVIN: Gilder. All right. Who was the hazzan in Boronovich?\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eBRUN: Rabinowitz. RabInovich. He had a factory from salami, and he was a hazzan.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eLEVIN: Okay. Now, when there came a time in Lodz, in the ghetto, when somebody insisted that you eat, even on Yom Kippur. What does, how did that come about?\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eBRUN: I was working… in 1943, I was working in a factory in the ghetto, pressing military pants, military uniforms…\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eLEVIN: For the…\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eBRUN: For the Germans, for the Germans.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/40305/file/111970#t=4501.0,4544.0"},{"id":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/40305/file/111970/transcript/66550/annotation/119","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"All of a sudden, the door opens. We were standing four men by big tables, and ironing what the tailors did, and we, we were supposed to iron it. And a man came over and introduced himself, he’s captain from the police. And he has an order to give me this instruction, “De altesteffen de Juden” — his name was Rumkovsky, I don’t know if you heard the name. He was the leader of the Jews in the ghetto, gave an order, I should put away my labor, my work, I should go home, and wash myself, put the nicest clothing and come to the jail.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/40305/file/111970#t=4544.0,4590.0"},{"id":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/40305/file/111970/transcript/66550/annotation/120","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Jail meant that in 1943 we were not to have any more public service, but only in the jail where it was conducted by Jewish people. And I went home, I washed myself, I put my nicest clothes that I had, and I went to daven. And I davenned the first night of Rosh Hashanah. And the commandant from the jail, a Jew, his name was Kohl — K-o-h-l — and he told me, “What will you do tomorrow?”","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/40305/file/111970#t=4590.0,4627.0"},{"id":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/40305/file/111970/transcript/66550/annotation/121","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"He asked me a question. So I told him, “I want to tell you in advance, I’m not eating on Yom Kippur.” “You will not survive,” he argued. “But I never ate on Yom Kippur,” I said. “But you will not survive, what will do you good if you will not survive?” “Leave it to me. I have a God in heaven; he will help me.” He didn’t accept my explanation.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe following morning, I came again to the jail, I put my tallis, my cap — I didn’t have a robe — and I started to daven mussaf.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/40305/file/111970#t=4627.0,4671.0"},{"id":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/40305/file/111970/transcript/66550/annotation/122","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And again, the same story. The night before I started mussaf, “You will not survive.”\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eAnd I had to be very, very nice to him or he could put me in the jail for any bad word. So I go, I went through the services with the whole thing without water, with (INAUDIBLE), everything. And after, after the Yom Kippur services with the Neilah were over, he came over, he gave me a piece of paper — this is a talon, a talon was a certificate for a certain amount of potatoes and a certain amount of flour, a certain amount of sugar, a certain amount of bread.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/40305/file/111970#t=4671.0,4723.0"},{"id":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/40305/file/111970/transcript/66550/annotation/123","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And he brought me his bread, what he got — everyone has to get a portion bread. He gave me — “This is going to be for your kiddush, or for your blessing, thanking God.” And I accepted it, I thanked him very much, and I went, I went home.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eYeah, and they gave the soups. Guess what the soups were for Yom Kippur? A cholent.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eLEVIN: Shabbat shabbaton.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eBRUN: Cholent.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eSEROTA: Was that the last time that you davenned in Lodz?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/40305/file/111970#t=4723.0,4757.0"},{"id":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/40305/file/111970/transcript/66550/annotation/124","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BRUN: That’s the last time, the last time I davenned in Lodz. But then, it was that year was in a concert, I sang in a… it was in the metalresort — this was a factory where they manufactured metal things for the German army. And I was told if I will sing there, I will get food and I will be privileged not to be arrested and to go, and to go to Auschwitz early. That time they sent away already to Auschwitz. And I gave a concert, with a mandolin orchestra accompanying me.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/40305/file/111970#t=4757.0,4805.0"},{"id":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/40305/file/111970/transcript/66550/annotation/125","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"LEVIN: Let me just… this concert was in…\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eBRUN: In the ghetto, in a factory.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eLEVIN: In a factory.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eBRUN: Which was very, very needed by the Germans, because it was a metalresort.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eLEVIN: But the people listening to the concert were Jews?\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eBRUN: All Jews.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eLEVIN: All Jews, yeah.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eBRUN: All Jewish. And then I…","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/40305/file/111970#t=4805.0,4826.0"},{"id":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/40305/file/111970/transcript/66550/annotation/126","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"LEVIN: And you sang there, and as a result of that, you got some favors…\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eBRUN: No privileges whatsoever.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eLEVIN: …nothing.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eBRUN: Not whatsoever.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eLEVIN: And then eventually, what happened to you and your family?\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eBRUN: Eventually, it was, it was announced that all the Jews who were working in this and this resort or this and this factory should, should submit themself to the Auselunk, which means to… they called it Auselunk because we were supposed to go from one place, living in one place, to another place to work for the Germans.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/40305/file/111970#t=4826.0,4866.0"},{"id":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/40305/file/111970/transcript/66550/annotation/127","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"But it was not true — it was Auschwitz was the destination. And I went and on the way, I stopped. I went by train, by electric train, and I walked out from the electric wagons, whom do I see? Rumkovsky, the elster from the Juden. He was the king, king of the ghetto. And I greeted him. And he gave me a box of conserved food — that’s all you have. And I asked him where we are going. I asked him.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/40305/file/111970#t=4866.0,4910.0"},{"id":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/40305/file/111970/transcript/66550/annotation/128","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So he told me to quiet me down, to make myself feel good, “You’re going to work for the Germans in a different place; you have nothing what to worry.” Can you imagine? He knew, but he shared the same thing like all the Jews.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eLEVIN: He went with you?\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eBRUN: Not with the same transport. I was leaving, my transport was August the 20th in 1944. And he had a week, or two weeks later, he was… maybe a week. I was told they killed him.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eMRS. BRUN: The Jews killed him.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eBRUN: The Jews?\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eLEVIN: Yes.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eMRS. BRUN: Of course.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eLEVIN: Where?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/40305/file/111970#t=4910.0,4953.0"},{"id":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/40305/file/111970/transcript/66550/annotation/129","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BRUN: In Auschwitz. First, the Germans showed him where his people went. They showed him the gas chambers and everything. And after that, the Jews, the Jewish kapos killed him. By hand. That’s what I was told — I didn’t see it.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eLEVIN: And you were in this transport with your family?\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eBRUN: But, yes, I just showed you — my former wife with my child.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eLEVIN: And you survived Auschwitz by yourself?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/40305/file/111970#t=4953.0,4992.0"},{"id":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/40305/file/111970/transcript/66550/annotation/130","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BRUN: No — with my family I arrived in Auschwitz in the morning after 20 hours of, in a cattle wagon. And when I passed by a village, a Polish village, and I was lifting myself up by the hands to look out, the Poles showed me that “This, this is going to happen to you.”","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/40305/file/111970#t=4992.0,5021.0"},{"id":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/40305/file/111970/transcript/66550/annotation/131","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"When we arrived in the morning in Auschwitz, we all were given orders — “Do what you are being told.” And I walked out with my family, and I was wearing a winter coat on top of another winter coat, because I was afraid, maybe to be cold.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eAnd my family near me, and then was an order — “Woman and children separate.” And I stuck to my son; I didn’t want to give him away to my wife. My wife came over, my first wife came over, and she grabbed him, and she went to the other side where the women and children stand, stood.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/40305/file/111970#t=5021.0,5068.0"},{"id":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/40305/file/111970/transcript/66550/annotation/132","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And when I walked, there was a famous… Dr. Mengele — he’s the one, he directed where to go. And when I came to him, I didn’t know who he was. But he asked me, “Howen zince? Beal zince dere?” I told him, “Ochten frenzic.” He showed me this way. I didn’t know what this meant — if it’s good, if it’s bad — so I went.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/40305/file/111970#t=5068.0,5104.0"},{"id":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/40305/file/111970/transcript/66550/annotation/133","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I went right away to the anti-lousing center. They took away everything I had that — a golden Cima watch, you remember the Cima watch? Cima — C-i-m-a. And I was contemplating what to do with the watch — to hide it, not to hide it. I took the watch, the floors were batten, and I threw it once, and I wanted to make sure that nobody will pick it up, and I picked it up myself and I threw it again.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/40305/file/111970#t=5104.0,5145.0"},{"id":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/40305/file/111970/transcript/66550/annotation/134","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It was splittering around, and I stood in the line to get into the shower room. In the shower room I was fortunate that the shower was water. A week before or two weeks ago it was gas. But we didn’t know that.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/40305/file/111970#t=5145.0,5169.0"},{"id":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/40305/file/111970/transcript/66550/annotation/135","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"SEROTA: This was your father’s youngest brother? And you said…\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eBRUN: Yes, David Brun, yes.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eSEROTA: He was a hazzan?\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eBRUN: He was a hazzan in London, but he left for London before I was born.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eSEROTA: I see. Isn’t it a little unusual that your father was a Gerrer Hassid and he had such objections…\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eBRUN: He had, I was told that he had a beautiful voice.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eLEVIN: Yeah.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eBRUN: And he was a Talmud chochem, but he couldn’t make a living. So he went to London, he got a job as a hazzan.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eSEROTA: I see.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eMRS. BRUN: (INAUDIBLE)","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/40305/file/111970#t=5169.0,5195.0"},{"id":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/40305/file/111970/transcript/66550/annotation/136","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"SEROTA: Okay. These are photos of you, I guess, taken after liberation.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eMRS. BRUN: Yes.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eBRUN: Yeah.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eSEROTA: Right. Where was this picture taken?\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eBRUN: This picture was taken in Naples.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eSEROTA: Yeah. What were you doing in Naples?\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eBRUN: I was living there for a year.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eSEROTA: Yeah? What did you do there?\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eBRUN: I was conducting services in the military club, gathered by Americans, British, all the Allied soldiers.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eSEROTA: Yeah.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eBRUN: I conducted services Friday night…","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/40305/file/111970#t=5195.0,5223.0"},{"id":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/40305/file/111970/transcript/66550/annotation/137","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"SEORTA: Okay. And what was…\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eBRUN: I made many friends.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eSEROTA: What is this picture?\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eBRUN: This picture, this is the elite from those who intermarried in… and he was a captain, he was a captain in the Russian army.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eSEROTA: Mmmm.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eBRUN: Which… and who was shot down, his airplane was shot down by the Allies, and he was recuperating in a hospital in Naples.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eSEROTA: This is also from that same time period?\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eBRUN: This is same — Italy, yes.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eSEROTA: Yeah. Okay. Now, after you were in Italy, you then went to Israel, am I correct?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/40305/file/111970#t=5223.0,5255.0"},{"id":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/40305/file/111970/transcript/66550/annotation/138","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BRUN: Yes.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eSEROTA: Okay, we have a number of pictures that were taken in Israel from that time period when you were the hazzan in Haifa.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eBRUN: Yeah. This is with, uh, Hazzan Lind.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eSEROTA: Can you tell us about Hazzan Lind? Who was he?\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eBRUN: The Chief Hazzan in Tel Aviv.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eSEROTA: He was a friend of yours?\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eBRUN: Of course! I was spending all my days there.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eSEROTA: What kind of hazzan was he?\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eBRUN: In the top hazzanim.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eSEROTA: Yeah?\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eMRS. BRUN: And then he was in…\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eBRUN: Top hazzan, 100% a hazzan.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eSEROTA: Was he a musical fellow?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/40305/file/111970#t=5255.0,5282.0"},{"id":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/40305/file/111970/transcript/66550/annotation/139","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BRUN: Yes. I don’t know, but he was also good in improvisations.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eSEROTA: They said he was a very good improviser, but sometimes he improvised and nothing happened.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eBRUN: As far as collection of, I cannot tell you what his collections were, as far as music…\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eSEROTA: You heard Cantor Lind daven?\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eBRUN: I think I heard him once daven.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eSEROTA: How would you compare him to the other hazzanim that we spoke about before?\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eBRUN: He was a top improviser, and a good singer. He didn’t have any music — when he started to say something, he said it. They have a Yiddish word, it’s staigreif.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/40305/file/111970#t=5282.0,5321.0"},{"id":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/40305/file/111970/transcript/66550/annotation/140","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"SEROTA: What does that mean?\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eBRUN: While he was looking at the music, he set his own, he sets his music by himself.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eSEROTA: Here is a picture… that’s another… okay? Like this? Okay? All right? Take a look at this for a second.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eBRUN: This was Pinchik and myself.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eSEROTA: Okay.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eBRUN: In Tel Aviv.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eSEROTA: What can you tell us about Pinchik?\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eBRUN: Pinchik had a sister, she belonged to my shul in Haifa.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eSEROTA: Yeah.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eBRUN: One day, he came to Haifa, and he announced that he is going to daven — not he announced, but people announced, they were close to him — that he’s going to daven a Shabbes. And I went Shabbes to listen to him. The, it was in a, in a big hall. And when he started to daven, people were so excited that they couldn’t believe that Pinchik is going to daven personally for them. He took my tallis, he took my cap, and my…","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/40305/file/111970#t=5321.0,5382.0"},{"id":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/40305/file/111970/transcript/66550/annotation/141","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"MRS. BRUN: Robe.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eBRUN: My robe. And I went to listen to him. Especially in the morning. And now — but Friday night, he said bo-e v’sholom — when he started to say a hazzanishe… (Yiddish). And it was nice hazzanas. All of a sudden, (sings) …like a ba’al tefila. And people started to laugh.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eHe played around with people. It was in the form like a joke. Then he said the Roza de Shabbes. The following morning…","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/40305/file/111970#t=5382.0,5427.0"},{"id":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/40305/file/111970/transcript/66550/annotation/142","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"SEROTA: Was the Roza de Shabbes like the record?\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eBRUN: No, the record was better.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eSEROTA: Was it different? A different composition?\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eBRUN: No, it’s, the, well, he was not copying the record. But he was very good.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eSEROTA: How did the voice sound?\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eBRUN: Very sweet, sweet voice. But Saturday morning, I observed a very interesting anecdote.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/40305/file/111970#t=5427.0,5453.0"},{"id":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/40305/file/111970/transcript/66550/annotation/143","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"He said, when it came to the kiddushe, he started to say mimkomkha malkeinu tsophia, and all of a sudden he stopped. And when people were wondering, “What is he stopping for? There is no stop, does he have to continue.” He said, like a joke, (sings). Then was a… but he likes to make jokes when the davenning.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/40305/file/111970#t=5453.0,5500.0"},{"id":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/40305/file/111970/transcript/66550/annotation/144","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"SEROTA: What was the reaction of the people to this?\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eBRUN: They had a good time. They had a good time. He was not, you know, he was not a religious man.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eSEROTA: Was that apparent when you heard him davenning?\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eBRUN: Not necessarily. Not necessarily. But, but people who were religious, they looked at him like a, like a comedian.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eSEROTA: Was there anything, was there anything inspiring about the way he davenned?\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eBRUN: Yes. Especially those numbers which were recorded, like the Shabbes, like other parts of the davenning where he davenned. But he’s… when he sang it, it was very impressive. I liked it very much.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/40305/file/111970#t=5500.0,5542.0"},{"id":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/40305/file/111970/transcript/66550/annotation/145","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I heard one, one comment, a Jew was behind me, sitting behind me, he was telling me, one said, (Yiddish) You want me to translate you? “A hazzan like Pinchik is getting, is being born only once in 500 years.” Another Jew told him, “It’s not true. ‘Cause he shouldn’t have get born at all. We could get along without him.”","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/40305/file/111970#t=5542.0,5576.0"},{"id":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/40305/file/111970/transcript/66550/annotation/146","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"SEROTA: What was there about Pinchik that was unique?\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eBRUN: He had a sweet voice. And he, and he had the right approach to a certain tfillis. I liked him very much.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eI’m not going to go in into details, ‘cause you need a whole article about it. And to make mention of everything specially what you like, but I personally, I liked him very much. I was very friendly with him.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eSEROTA: Did you ever discuss with him hazzanas, and discuss with him the details of what he did?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/40305/file/111970#t=5576.0,5613.0"},{"id":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/40305/file/111970/transcript/66550/annotation/147","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BRUN: I’ll tell you how our relationship got developed. After davenning Saturday morning, I went over to him and I congratulated him. And I asked him, “What are you doing after Shabbes?” He said, “I’m going to Tel Aviv, what is, in Haifa is nothing to do.”\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eSo, “Can I go along with you?” And before I finished the sentence, I said, “But with one condition — you are not going to pay for me,” — because I heard rumors that he doesn’t like hazzanim because they want right away he should pay for them.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/40305/file/111970#t=5613.0,5649.0"},{"id":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/40305/file/111970/transcript/66550/annotation/148","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And I mentioned to him, literally and bluntly, “I’m going with you to Tel Aviv only with one condition — I pay for mine, you pay for yours.” And this attracted him, and we became friends, so-called. In Tel Aviv, he made several pictures near the, near the beach, and we spent a lot, a lot of time talking and talking about hazzanim and hazzanas. And he was an interesting fellow. He told me that his profession was a pianist in a nightclub in Moscow.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/40305/file/111970#t=5649.0,5686.0"},{"id":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/40305/file/111970/transcript/66550/annotation/149","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"SEROTA: Yeah?\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eBRUN: He told me that he was a, not only a pianist in a nightclub, but he was a very, very far from the traditional hazzanim. He liked his own style. And he did, he did do what he wanted.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eLEVIN: Uh, here’s another picture that we have here.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eSEROTA: Do you want to look at this, Cantor Brun?\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eBRUN: This is in, this is a reception in Tel Aviv in my honor.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eSEROTA: Yeah.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eBRUN: And this Lev Glantz next to me, Hazzan Unger the third one.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eSEROTA: Mmmmm.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eBRUN: Here’s Boruch Shein.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eSEROTA: Who is Boruch Shein?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/40305/file/111970#t=5686.0,5728.0"},{"id":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/40305/file/111970/transcript/66550/annotation/150","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BRUN: Boruch Shein was the director of Kol Yisroel for the Department of Hazzanut.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eLEVIN: He just passed away in the last…\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eSEROTA: In the last couple of years.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eLEVIN: We haven’t been able to find any information about him yet.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eSEROTA: You have to ask the Israeli correspondents. And this, I believe, is a picture of you singing. This is a broadcast? This is a broadcast?\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eBRUN: This is a personal broadcast.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eLEVIN: A broadcast performance?\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eBRUN: Graf, and Boruch Shein.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/40305/file/111970#t=5728.0,5757.0"},{"id":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/40305/file/111970/transcript/66550/annotation/151","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"SEROTA: All right. Mr. Aye, or Leon Graf. Uh, okay.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eHere we have a picture of one of the gentlemen we spoke about before.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eBRUN: This is my friend, this Geese. When he was visiting Long Beach.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eSEROTA : He was the… he was your conductor when you were davenning in the Lodz ghetto?\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eBRUN: Yes.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eLEVIN: And here we have a photograph. This looks like it was taken at a convention.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eBRUN: This is a, Irv Klein. A known hazzan in Miami Beach, with Oscar Julius and myself.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eLEVIN: What can you tell us about Oscar Julius? Who was he?\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eBRUN: Who he was. He was the choir leader, the choir leader, with a capital A, capital Q.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/40305/file/111970#t=5757.0,5803.0"},{"id":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/40305/file/111970/transcript/66550/annotation/152","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"SEROTA: When did you work with him?\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eBRUN: Several times on Maxwell House Coffee, on the radio.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eSEROTA: Yes.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eBRUN: And he was, at that time, a few times, he was conductor.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eSEROTA: What kind of things did you sing with him?\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eBRUN: He was a, he was a very honest musician. You couldn’t make a, a mistake by him. Or if you made a mistake, you had to repeat it, and you have to do it the right way.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eI liked him very much; he had class.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eLEVIN: Compared to Sterner, for example. How would you compare Julius and Sterner?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/40305/file/111970#t=5803.0,5838.0"},{"id":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/40305/file/111970/transcript/66550/annotation/153","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BRUN: Two different worlds. Sterner was good with the Second Avenue. It’s a different type. But he, he has his own qualities, like everybody else.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eSEROTA: What were they?\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eBRUN: In conducting, you need some temperament. He had temperament.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/40305/file/111970#t=5838.0,5865.0"},{"id":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/40305/file/111970/transcript/66550/annotation/154","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"SEROTA: That’s true. He has temperament.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eBRUN: He had temperament. But sometimes, temperament can be used and for the positive things, it could be used for negative. He occasionally used it for negatives.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eLEVIN: Only occasionally?\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eBRUN: I remember one anecdote. I was talking to him, and all of a sudden a hazzan passes by — on the radio station. After my program. And he made a remark to the passing-by hazzan, which the hazzan didn’t like it. He got so violent, he started to curse and insult him.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/40305/file/111970#t=5865.0,5907.0"},{"id":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/40305/file/111970/transcript/66550/annotation/155","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So until Zislovsky came over and said, “Quiet down. This is not, this is not a ring place where you fight with each other. Can you quiet down or not?” he asked him. And he stopped.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eLEVIN: That was Sterner?\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eBut Julius — you did, you did a lot of work with, would you say? You sang with him many times, Julius — with Oscar Julius?\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eBRUN: Julius, yes. Professionally, I had a few occasions where it was a program, a radio program where I was participating for the Maxwell House Coffee program, every Sunday. And they’re teaching every time another, another cantor.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/40305/file/111970#t=5907.0,5943.0"},{"id":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/40305/file/111970/transcript/66550/annotation/156","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And I was fortunate enough to have Julius’ choir when I appeared at the Maxwell House Coffee program.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eLEVIN: And Julius was a trained musician?\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eBRUN: Julius was the team musician. Correct in everything. He wouldn’t let you make a mistake, even one sixteenth.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eBRUN: And he, he did a lot of arrangements of a lot of, various composers. Did you ever sing — I mean, for example, he was very big on Kaminsky. Did you ever sing any of those compositions?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/40305/file/111970#t=5943.0,5981.0"},{"id":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/40305/file/111970/transcript/66550/annotation/157","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BRUN: No.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eSEROTA: When you sang with Julius on the radio, what did you sing with him?\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eBRUN: I sang whatever, this, what I was singing by myself, without choir. I sang whatever I wanted.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eLEVIN: Yeah.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eBRUN: But when I had to sing a composition, a written-out composition, I sang what I had in cooperation with Oscar Julius.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eLEVIN: Do you remember any specific compositions that he did?\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eBRUN: With Oscar Julius, I remember… not his. Abe Ellstein. (sings)… this is Ellstein. (Sings)","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/40305/file/111970#t=5981.0,6060.0"},{"id":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/40305/file/111970/transcript/66550/annotation/158","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And then the Cantor started — (sings)…are you acquainted with that?\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eLEVIN: Yeah. Yeah. And did you do any of Julius’ own music? He wrote music himself.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eBRUN: I remember a thing, but I cannot recall the composition at all.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eSEROTA: Uh huh. I think once you did a Yom Simchas Kahm from Abras.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eBRUN: Yeah, this I sang. (Sings)","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/40305/file/111970#t=6060.0,6096.0"},{"id":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/40305/file/111970/transcript/66550/annotation/159","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Then the cantor starts. (Sings)","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/40305/file/111970#t=6096.0,6164.0"},{"id":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/40305/file/111970/transcript/66550/annotation/160","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"SEROTA: When you had these programs on the radio and you sang with a choir, did they have a lot of rehearsals?\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eBRUN: No. He gave me the music, and I read it.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eLEVIN: So they just had one rehearsal?\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eBRUN: On the spot.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eLEVIN: With the choir? One rehearsal — that’s it?\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eBRUN: There were, there were occasions where I had to go to a rehearsal when he had other parts for me, and that was written down.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eFor instance, I remember a composition I sang, but this was not, this was not with Oscar Julius. It was a program with, with Silvers, was the choir, the choir leader.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/40305/file/111970#t=6164.0,6205.0"},{"id":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/40305/file/111970/transcript/66550/annotation/161","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"SEROTA: Sal Silvers?\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eBRUN: Not Sal, his brother.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eSEROTA: Mark Silver?\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eBRUN: Mark Silver. He gave me his music — we had to rehearse for Rosh Hashanah and (INAUDIBLE). And a classic composition.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eAnd I had a lot of criticism. “Why should” — one caller call me up — “Why should you sing something which is not in spirit with your talent, with your ability? I know that if you would sing something what you do always, everybody would like it. This is not, this is not Jewish.”","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/40305/file/111970#t=6205.0,6244.0"},{"id":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/40305/file/111970/transcript/66550/annotation/162","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"SEROTA: It was too modern for the listener?\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eBRUN: Too modern, yeah.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eLEVIN: I want to return to what… we were talking about your experiences in the, in Europe after Lodz and when the Germans transported thousands, hundreds of thousands, millions of our people to the, to the murder camps. And you here, you are, we were just talking about your arrival at Auschwitz. And you, you were separated…","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/40305/file/111970#t=6244.0,6287.0"},{"id":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/40305/file/111970/transcript/66550/annotation/163","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BRUN: I was with my wife, with my son, and I took my son with me, and my wife went to the side where women and children were standing. All of a sudden, my wife came out from her, in the place where she was standing, and she said, “No, I want to be with my child. You will take care of yourself, and I will take care of our son.”\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eAnd she ran back to the, to the kindering, to the people with, women with children. And since then, I didn’t see her, and she was sent in together with the millions of other people to the gas chambers. And this was my kurbon.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/40305/file/111970#t=6287.0,6346.0"},{"id":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/40305/file/111970/transcript/66550/annotation/164","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"MRS. BRUN: And they sent him to work.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eBRUN: Where I was, I….\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eLEVIN: And your son was how old at the time?\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eBRUN: Eleven years.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eLEVIN: Eleven years old. And he didn’t survive Auschwitz, either?\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eBRUN: No. They put the children… every child was killed immediately. Those who were 14, 15 — maybe some of them were saved.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eLEVIN: And you, you were at Auschwitz when the, when the liberation came, or you were moved first?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/40305/file/111970#t=6346.0,6375.0"},{"id":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/40305/file/111970/transcript/66550/annotation/165","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BRUN: No. I was, in 1944, until erev Rosh Hashanah. Erev Rosh Hashanah I conducted — not I conducted, I went to the hospital — where the patients were dead people, three-quarters dead.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eLEVIN: At Auschwitz?\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eBRUN: Or 90 percent. And I was told over there, when I will go to sing for them, some tefilot, you will get some food.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/40305/file/111970#t=6375.0,6402.0"},{"id":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/40305/file/111970/transcript/66550/annotation/166","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And I went to the hospital, and I sang my heart, whatever I remember. I started Unesaneh Tokef bar Rosh Hashanah, you could say another few tefilos, and the people, the patients there, they were not, they didn’t have no strength to be emotional, to be happy or to be satisfied. They didn’t, they didn’t respond to anything. After I was through with my program, the doctor who was in charge came over to me, and he gave me a box from cigarettes.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/40305/file/111970#t=6402.0,6440.0"},{"id":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/40305/file/111970/transcript/66550/annotation/167","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"No, first he gave me a soup, his soup. It was potatoes and milk. And we never dreamt to have a soup, because the doctors, they get better food, they got, get a better food. So he gave me that portion of soup of his, and then he gave me a box, an empty box from cigarettes. Emphasizing that the leftover from tobacco, sometimes could save your life, because this was worth more than diamonds.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/40305/file/111970#t=6440.0,6473.0"},{"id":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/40305/file/111970/transcript/66550/annotation/168","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I accepted it, I thanked him very much, and I left. This was the first, this was erev Rosh Hashanah. At night, I went, I was called to daven ma’ariv in the, by the Canadians. What does the word “Canadians” mean? There was a block, or a barrack from young Canadian Jewish boys who took care and cleaning out the wagons from the, from the Jewish people who were transported to Auschwitz. And I was invited by them, and I davenned ma’ariv.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/40305/file/111970#t=6473.0,6526.0"},{"id":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/40305/file/111970/transcript/66550/annotation/169","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And they stood, the barrack had two entrances and two exits — one on this side, and one on the other end. And they had their own people watching that the SS shouldn’t come in, or to watch if they come, if they came in.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eAnd after I was through with davenning, it’s not a full verse, not a quarter verse, I was called to the bed of some of the, some of the prisoners who were staying in that barrack. He introduced himself. He was the correspondent from the Jewish newspaper in Warsaw — the Moment was a Yiddish newspaper in Warsaw. Introduced himself and he told me.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/40305/file/111970#t=6526.0,6574.0"},{"id":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/40305/file/111970/transcript/66550/annotation/170","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"“The food what you’re hiding now” — I was given, but after the services, I was given — this one gave me a piece of bread, the other one gave me a piece of bread. This was my pay. “You better eat” — he gave a message to me — “You better eat it up now, but tomorrow, you don’t know if you’re going to live tomorrow.” And he, to him, it was like a monologue. “My sister died here, my brothers died here, my mother died here, and so will I.”","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/40305/file/111970#t=6574.0,6605.0"},{"id":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/40305/file/111970/transcript/66550/annotation/171","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"He tells me. “And you better eat it up; at least you will enjoy the eating.”\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eAnd I ate as much I could, and then I was offered by somebody to accompany me out from the barrack and to walk to mine barrack. And I went away.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eAnd I went to lay down — I’m one of 1200 people on the floor. And we were in the barrack, laid out like sardines in a box. Not on shoulders, but on the sides.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/40305/file/111970#t=6605.0,6641.0"},{"id":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/40305/file/111970/transcript/66550/annotation/172","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And we was, and if you want to get up at night, to go for your, to go to look for a toilet — it didn’t exist any toilets — you had to walk on somebody’s body. So I was there in that barrack with 1200 people or so were laying out like sardines. And I survived the night.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eAnd the following morning, six o’clock, we were ordered to get out from the barrack, and standing. And the commandant, from that, from that barrack said, “Only young people, strong, strong enough to be accepted are allowed to stand up.”","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/40305/file/111970#t=6641.0,6691.0"},{"id":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/40305/file/111970/transcript/66550/annotation/173","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And I walked out, and I stood together with other young boys, and one of the Germans came over to me, and he put his hand on my shoulders, and he said in German, “De kettel canna kernaharbaten.” That means, “This guy can still work.” And I was selected among 200 people, young people, to be sent to a coal mine.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/40305/file/111970#t=6691.0,6722.0"},{"id":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/40305/file/111970/transcript/66550/annotation/174","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"But over there, I received my number. This is, this was my number. And it’s, and I was, we all were ordered to stand and wait until we will be called to have those numbers tattooed on our arms.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eAnd meanwhile, I had something to cover my head, and I said to a few Jewish people which were standing to me, “Let’s, I will recite a few prayers, and you just follow me.” Again, I said, “Hinninim, hinni onem me mas…”","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/40305/file/111970#t=6722.0,6768.0"},{"id":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/40305/file/111970/transcript/66550/annotation/175","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I said, the beginning I started sh'ma Yisroel. And we were ordered to stay in line to get the jackets with the red crosses painted on the back that we are prisoners.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eSo we were ordered to wait for the bus. When we waited for the bus, people in desperation said, “This is our last walk.”","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/40305/file/111970#t=6768.0,6800.0"},{"id":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/40305/file/111970/transcript/66550/annotation/176","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Because they were nearing to a bus where people who were designated to, to go there on the bus, saw letters in French and in other languages, and those, the buses were emptied out by people who came from different parts of Europe.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/40305/file/111970#t=6800.0,6825.0"},{"id":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/40305/file/111970/transcript/66550/annotation/177","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So I waited until we were ordered to get up on the buses, and one — you have a picture here, a young man with a, a father and son, his name was Friedman, and his son was saved. He was about eighteen or nineteen years. And he said “I know that we are not going to survive, but, I want, in case my son does survive…” he made a statement to me, “I don’t want him to marry a Jewish girl”. This is in desperation, he said.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/40305/file/111970#t=6825.0,6861.0"},{"id":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/40305/file/111970/transcript/66550/annotation/178","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"“And I want him to get married with a non-Jewish girl and to get born to non-Jewish children, because I don’t want my, my children or grandchildren should have the same fate what I had, what my, my family had.”\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eBut why do I mention this? Years later, when I was working in Tel Aviv, this man — his name was Friedman — was walking with the same son, the son in a uniform from the Israeli army. And I greeted him, “What do you say?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/40305/file/111970#t=6861.0,6896.0"},{"id":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/40305/file/111970/transcript/66550/annotation/179","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Your son is going to get married to a non-Jewish girl? Oh, no.” And he kissed me and hugged me. “You were right. You were right. You were right.”\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eHis name was Friedman. And for history, it’s worth it to mention his name. And he was from Radom, Poland. And he survived the, he survived whatever happened — lately I don’t know. But I had the privilege to save something by saying a few good words.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eLEVIN: And then you, where did you find yourself when, when the liberation came? When…","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/40305/file/111970#t=6896.0,6934.0"},{"id":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/40305/file/111970/transcript/66550/annotation/180","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BRUN: When liberation came, I was in a concentration camp, Ebensee. Ebensee was affiliated from Mauthausen — you heard of Mauthausen?\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eLEVIN: Mmmm-hmmm.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eBRUN: Whoever was in Mauthausen was shipped out to Ebensee. It was a, it was a camp which very few people survived. Because they didn’t do anything to them — they just, they starved them. And they beat them.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/40305/file/111970#t=6934.0,6961.0"},{"id":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/40305/file/111970/transcript/66550/annotation/181","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"In order to get through one day, it was miracles. The food was, as such, a piece of bread and a plate of water. Supposed to be a potato soup, but the workers in the kitchen, they saw to it that the potatoes would be eaten by them, not by the prisoners. And I survived that.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eOne day, I felt so desperate for a little food, that I said, if I’m not going to get any food, I will not survive. This was the last, the last few months in the war.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/40305/file/111970#t=6961.0,7003.0"},{"id":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/40305/file/111970/transcript/66550/annotation/182","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And I walked over to the bakery, that they baked bread for the prisoners. And I announced loud, “I am a singer and I would like to sing for you.” I announced this loud because the, the kapo, the head of the bakery, looked out. And they didn’t know what to do. I mean, those who were working in the kitchen, they didn’t know what to do, and they looked at him.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/40305/file/111970#t=7003.0,7036.0"},{"id":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/40305/file/111970/transcript/66550/annotation/183","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And the kapo was a criminal. And they called it the fabricha, or criminal — he was, he served a life sentence, and Hitler took him out to be supervising the camps.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eI yelled, “I am a singer and I would like to sing for you.” The head from the camp, the criminal, told me, “You’re going to make, you’re going to be a head shorter. Ein kopf kilfer. When this will prove that you’re not saying the truth.”","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/40305/file/111970#t=7036.0,7076.0"},{"id":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/40305/file/111970/transcript/66550/annotation/184","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And apparently, I was lucky — he accepted me to come into the kitchen and to sing. And I sang, I remember, I sang, Italian, because there were a lot Italian, I sang German, I sang Russian — there were a lot of Russians prisoners. And they started to give me bread, their own bread. And the kapo, the leader from the kitchen, told me, “You will get every day your food. When you come when I will not be here you will come into my room.”","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/40305/file/111970#t=7076.0,7113.0"},{"id":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/40305/file/111970/transcript/66550/annotation/185","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"He had a separate room, the kitchen kapo. And he saved my life with giving me food. This was not enough. Then he was changed to a different job. I was left without food. ‘Cause you couldn’t survive without help, without any additional food, you couldn’t, you couldn’t survive the last few months. Again, I went to the bakery. And I announced, “I am a singer. I would like to sing for you. Let me in, please. I’ll sing for you and you will enjoy it.”","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/40305/file/111970#t=7113.0,7153.0"},{"id":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/40305/file/111970/transcript/66550/annotation/186","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It, it took guts to do it. Because they could come out and beat me up to death. And they told me to come in. And I came in there, and I announced, “I’m going to sing a Russian song.” I sang — of course, there were a lot of Russians working in the kitchen. Then I sang an Italian song. Then I sang a German song. And they started to give me a lot of food. But I wasn’t happy. Why wasn’t I happy? Because this is one shot — to go out with food hidden under my garment, they would kill me on the way to my barrack.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/40305/file/111970#t=7153.0,7194.0"},{"id":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/40305/file/111970/transcript/66550/annotation/187","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So I ate it up, and I asked them, and I want to ask them how do I get bread tomorrow, and after tomorrow? The kapo called me over to him. And I sold him something. I told him I was a student in Vienna and I had a furnished room, I’m a bletha sinar.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/40305/file/111970#t=7194.0,7221.0"},{"id":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/40305/file/111970/transcript/66550/annotation/188","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And the owner of the apartment, a woman, a Jewish woman, she had a hiding place under a picture for, of her departed husband, and I watched her all the time, whenever I had a chance, to see what she is looking — she used to take off the picture from the wall, and she used to take out something, and she hang up again the picture. And I assumed that she must hide, she must hiding something there.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/40305/file/111970#t=7221.0,7250.0"},{"id":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/40305/file/111970/transcript/66550/annotation/189","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And I told him, the kapo from the bakery, “You know what? If you promise me — let’s make an agreement. You give me bread all the time until the liberation, and you will take all the jewelry, whatever it’s hidden there.” And he told me to make out a certificate, a document. I took a paper from, a paper from the paper sacks what I used for cement, and I wrote him down, “I, Abraham Brun, giving the right to open this high place to Mr. so-and-so and whatever he will find, belongs to him.”","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/40305/file/111970#t=7250.0,7291.0"},{"id":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/40305/file/111970/transcript/66550/annotation/190","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And I had bread to eat until I was liberated. Wasn’t that a ness min hashamayim?\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eLEVIN: Yep.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eBRUN: But the, the einfar — I sold him something which wasn’t mine.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eMRS. BRUN: That wasn’t there, maybe.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eLEVIN: Yeah. Probably wasn’t there anyway, by the time…\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eBRUN: But he bought it.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eSEROTA: You were a tipster; you gave him information as to where it could be located. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eLEVIN: And when, you were liberated, who, you were liberated, your camp was liberated by the…","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/40305/file/111970#t=7291.0,7321.0"},{"id":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/40305/file/111970/transcript/66550/annotation/191","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BRUN: My camp…\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eLEVIN: Which army?\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eBRUN: Mauthausen.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eMRS. BRUN: Which…\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eLEVIN: No, but which… was it the Americans, or the…\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eBRUN: No, no. I was in Ebensee, which I was sent from Mauthausen to Ebensee. And the Americans liberated us.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eLEVIN: It was in the, it was in the American zone?\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eBRUN: It was in American zone; it was in 1945, May the 7th. And I was standing with another Jew, watching the tank — they were three stories high — with American soldiers, throwing down upon us chocolate blocks, chocolate and goodies.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/40305/file/111970#t=7321.0,7359.0"},{"id":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/40305/file/111970/transcript/66550/annotation/192","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And the man with whom I was standing — he was a Hungarian Jew, and he used to hang around; wherever I was, he was standing near me. And he was standing, and he tells me, “Why are you staying here? They’re giving out the soups now. What are you looking from them?” I said, “You’re looking for a soup while they’re giving here the goodies and the best things of these, and everything?” But he was so used….\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eAnd who was that man? An Hungarian Jew. A violinist, a concert violinist.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/40305/file/111970#t=7359.0,7398.0"},{"id":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/40305/file/111970/transcript/66550/annotation/193","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And I went back to my barrack, and I was told not to go out, because you might be killed by other prisoners. When they will find out, they will suspect you, that you will have some food hidden. And they will kill you and they will take it — there was no law, or nothing. The guards were gone. So I was advised by another prisoner to sleep over there in the camp.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/40305/file/111970#t=7398.0,7427.0"},{"id":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/40305/file/111970/transcript/66550/annotation/194","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And May the 8th, I walked out from the camp by myself. The sun was shining; it was a bright day — May the 8th, 1945. And I arrived to a small town, Gumunden. Gumunden, Austria. And one of my glasses were broken. You know, from the, from the camp. Or from beating up. And I ask somebody, “Could you please tell me where is an optometrist here? Or the one who makes glasses?”","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/40305/file/111970#t=7427.0,7465.0"},{"id":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/40305/file/111970/transcript/66550/annotation/195","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And I was shown, by a German, by an Austrian goy, and I walked in, and I said, “I cannot function without my glasses. Could you please give me glasses?” I gave it in the form of an order. And I got glasses. And from there, with my glasses on, I needed another ride to a different place, where I was told, “If you will reach that place, you will be treated like a king.”","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/40305/file/111970#t=7465.0,7503.0"},{"id":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/40305/file/111970/transcript/66550/annotation/196","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And I invoked, I took a chance and I was walking to a village nearby. And with the address, and with the name of that German. And I came in and I saw a German, an Austrian, in civilian dress, taking care in his garden. And I told him, “I was told that you were a good one, and you didn’t participate in any atrocities against the Jews.” And I introduced myself, politely.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/40305/file/111970#t=7503.0,7538.0"},{"id":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/40305/file/111970/transcript/66550/annotation/197","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And he checked everything with his wife, if it will be all right for her and him to make sure that I will be staying in his house. And they gave me a room, with the most luxurious bed and everything, and I stayed, and they gave me food.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eBut I was thinking, “How safe am I?” Because the SS people — they were hiding from the Americans — were in the same village. They could kill me.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/40305/file/111970#t=7538.0,7575.0"},{"id":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/40305/file/111970/transcript/66550/annotation/198","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So I, I told this good, so-called good Austrian, “How do I manage now to survive here, because I see so many SS people around here, walking every morning.” They could easily kill me; there was no law and order.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eHe gave me another address. I should go to another place. And I went, which he told me, these places and these addresses are checked by the underground who were against Hitler.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/40305/file/111970#t=7575.0,7608.0"},{"id":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/40305/file/111970/transcript/66550/annotation/199","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And this, this they recommend to those who survived the war. And I went there, and I was given a luxurious room in a palatial home. And I got sick with the, the fever, flecktuphus, typhus. I was taken to the hospital. And to, after a week time, they put me in the basement, for those who were ready to die. But I was, my head was working very good, my mind.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/40305/file/111970#t=7608.0,7647.0"},{"id":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/40305/file/111970/transcript/66550/annotation/200","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I said, “What do I do?” It’s in the basement. There’s no light there. And they put me on there to die, together with those who were helpless, and had no hope. And every day, doctors, American doctors, came to check if the number of people are right. And one American doctor — I suspected that he was Jewish, with black eyes, with black hair — and I said, “They put me down here, and I feel good. I want back, to go back to my bed.”","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/40305/file/111970#t=7647.0,7682.0"},{"id":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/40305/file/111970/transcript/66550/annotation/201","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"He immediately gave an order to the nurse — “Out from here for this man, for this patient. Back to the room.” And I stayed another eight or ten days in the hospital, till I felt stronger, and I was released. From there, from the hospital, I went to Salzburg. In Salzburg, there were, the Jewish Legion were active.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/40305/file/111970#t=7682.0,7716.0"},{"id":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/40305/file/111970/transcript/66550/annotation/202","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"They prepared transports, autobuses, to take those people who want to go to Israel to take to Italy, and I volunteered. This was the British zone already, and they took me to Italy. In Italy, I landed in Bologna — you heard of a city, Bologna?\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eLEVIN: Sure.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eBRUN: No doubt. From Bologna…\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eLEVIN: You went from Bologna to a port city, to go to Palestine?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/40305/file/111970#t=7716.0,7748.0"},{"id":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/40305/file/111970/transcript/66550/annotation/203","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BRUN: No, no, Bari, this is later.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eLEVIN: Later.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eBRUN: I went to Bari, too. But from Bologna, I went to the city where he was born and raised — the famous tenor, Pavarotti.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eLEVIN: Oh, Modena.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eBRUN: Modena. And in Modena, I was sleeping on the stones, and it was thousands of Jewish people slept — there was no place for anybody else to find a place.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/40305/file/111970#t=7748.0,7777.0"},{"id":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/40305/file/111970/transcript/66550/annotation/204","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"But I got somewhere, an accommodation near a rabbi who is now in Hartford. Rabbi… his father was the rabbi in Hartford.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eLEVIN: Lindenthal?\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eBRUN: No.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eLEVIN: No.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eBRUN: He said, he came over, introduced himself, and I introduced myself and we became friendly. And he told me that he was the rabbi from, the Robitcher Rav’s son. The Robitch in Galicia. But this is not of importance.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/40305/file/111970#t=7777.0,7819.0"},{"id":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/40305/file/111970/transcript/66550/annotation/205","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Over there, I was asked, by the Jew-… by the leaders of the Jewish community — they find out that I’m a hazzan — to daven in their shul. The High Holidays.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eLEVIN: In Modena?\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eBRUN: In Modena. And I davenned in Modena for the 1945 Rosh Hashanah-Yom Kippur, and the Jewish people consisted of intellectuals — professors in colleges, doctors of medicine — all kind of professions. And they, they embraced me, and they told me, “Marry plain, and plain,” one of them spoke German, and one of them spoke to me in Italian — I knew a little bit Italian from my studies in Vienna.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/40305/file/111970#t=7819.0,7862.0"},{"id":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/40305/file/111970/transcript/66550/annotation/206","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"He told me, “Stay with us. Continue your training. You could become a concert singer with continuing training. We will pay for everything. You will do just… you will have to have patience. And we will, we will, we will work with you.”\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eAnd I told him, “I want to go to Israel.” At that time, it was a true statement. I wanted, by hook and crook, to go to Israel.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/40305/file/111970#t=7862.0,7897.0"},{"id":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/40305/file/111970/transcript/66550/annotation/207","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So after the High Holidays, I left Modena. And I went to Milan. From Milan, I went to Bari. From Bari to Santa Maria, from Santa Maria to Santa Cesare, where we were sleeping in luxurious places belonged to the fascists, eating almonds a lot. And eggs, hard-boiled eggs. And maybe bread.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/40305/file/111970#t=7897.0,7932.0"},{"id":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/40305/file/111970/transcript/66550/annotation/208","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"But after a few days, I saw no, no way of contentment in this environment. And one morning, I got up, I davenned, I had already tvill, and I went to the buses, where the military buses left for, for Naples. And I, with a tremendous force and vigor, I went to the back of the, of the bus, and I put myself, I lift myself up, and here I was. I was on the bus, and the bus took me to Naples.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/40305/file/111970#t=7932.0,7976.0"},{"id":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/40305/file/111970/transcript/66550/annotation/209","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"In Naples, I was told to go to the Jewish community leadership, and I told them that I came here to spend my time until I’ll go to Israel. He told me that there is a kibbutz here. The kibbutz was called Kibbutz Hatikvah, for people who have relatives in the, in the British Army. And I remember distinctly, and I was given the address, for this — Montevideo 46, Montevideo — is in this, the Holy Mountain.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/40305/file/111970#t=7976.0,8018.0"},{"id":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/40305/file/111970/transcript/66550/annotation/210","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Holy Mountain, in English. And I went up there, and it was a Friday, and I told him my purpose of coming to here, and I told him I’m a hazzan. “You will stay until, over Shabbes.” Friday night, they had an oneg shabbat. And I don’t know who told him — it was a speaker from Israel, was Josef Baratz, who was a famous name in the kibbutz movement.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/40305/file/111970#t=8018.0,8050.0"},{"id":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/40305/file/111970/transcript/66550/annotation/211","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And I heard my name introducing — “We have here a hazzan. We will invite him to the podium to sing zemirot l’Shabbat, Shabbat.” I went up to the podium and I sang. And they offered me to stay with them as a relative.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eBut over that kibbutz, you could only be a relative to the soldiers to the Jewish legion in the British army. And I stayed there. And I got a function — I was working for the British. And I went to the Military Club, I davenned Friday night for the omed, as a hazzan, as a chaplain.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/40305/file/111970#t=8050.0,8091.0"},{"id":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/40305/file/111970/transcript/66550/annotation/212","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And I befriended, befriended a lot of people. Among them, captains in the British Army. One woman came over with an envelope she gave me. She told me, “I am a daughter from a hazzan. And I want you to accept it. And to remember.” She didn’t name, she didn’t tell me the name of her father. She went, “I’m a daughter from a hazzan. And I want you to accept this.” It was a nice amount of money. And I thanked her very much.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/40305/file/111970#t=8091.0,8124.0"},{"id":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/40305/file/111970/transcript/66550/annotation/213","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And then I was invited, each and every time, to sing, to daven Kabbalat Shabbat, and to lead them in oneg Shabbat. So I became a, a Neapolitan. I, I have, there are a series of pictures taken with famous Jews.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eLEVIN: But you were, in Naples, you were waiting, essentially, to go to Palestine.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eBRUN: Of course.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eLEVIN: And you got to Palestine?\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eBRUN: I got to Palestine, and I was, I had saved two British pounds, or one pound, and I put them up in the cuff from my, in the back from my socks.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eLEVIN: Yeah.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/40305/file/111970#t=8124.0,8171.0"},{"id":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/40305/file/111970/transcript/66550/annotation/214","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BRUN: And we were told when we arrived in Haifa, we were told, “Leave everything behind you. You will need nothing. You will get everything when you’ll arrive from Haifa.” But to my disappointment, my pound, the British pound, wasn’t there.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eAnd I was placed in beit olim. You know beit olim was…\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eLEVIN: Beit olim.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eBRUN: Bat Kalim, Bat Kalim, in Haifa. This is a…. And over there, I was standing, and I was fed there.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/40305/file/111970#t=8171.0,8204.0"},{"id":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/40305/file/111970/transcript/66550/annotation/215","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"One day, I walked over to the, to the, to the, the one who takes care in the camp, “I’m tired of getting up in the morning and to go to take my coffee and my, my bread. I would like to go to be a civilian.” He took out a pound. A British pound — it was a lot of money. He gave me from his pocket, he told me, “When you will make it, you will give me back. Not before.”","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/40305/file/111970#t=8204.0,8241.0"},{"id":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/40305/file/111970/transcript/66550/annotation/216","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And I went up to the bus, I paid for my bus fare, and they took me to a Rechov Hofes — I don’t know if you’re acquainted with Haifa. And the bus stopped there, near the shul where I eventually became hazzan in Haifa.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eLEVIN: Amek Azi?\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eBRUN: Rechov Herzl. Rechov Herzl.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eLEVIN: And then, what, what brought you to the United States?\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eBRUN: Wait — I’ll come to it.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eLEVIN: When did… yeah.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eBRUN: I’ll come to it.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/40305/file/111970#t=8241.0,8273.0"},{"id":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/40305/file/111970/transcript/66550/annotation/217","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And when I arrived, at Rechov Herzl, and I was standing without a hat, without cover, I didn’t have anything to cover my head, and I was standing in front from the shul where I eventually became hazzan with another (?) merkazi in Haifa, I was crying, “All the shuls, are the temples are burned. And here, I see…”. And I was crying. A man came over, and he was a owner of a hat, selling hats and caps. And I said to him, I wanted to go into a shul, but I have no cap.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/40305/file/111970#t=8273.0,8313.0"},{"id":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/40305/file/111970/transcript/66550/annotation/218","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"He took me under my arm, he took me into the store, and he asked me choose a hat, and I choose a straw hat. And he gave me the money. Of course, I paid him back.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eAnd I went to the shul, and eventually, I became a hazzan in that shul.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eLEVIN: The same synagogue where, where Heilman was…\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eSEROTA: No, Heilman was in a different synagogue.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eLEVIN: Is this Haifa Central Synagogue?\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eBRUN: Who? Ezra Heilman?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/40305/file/111970#t=8313.0,8341.0"},{"id":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/40305/file/111970/transcript/66550/annotation/219","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"SEROTA: Heilman was in a different shul.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eBRUN: Not, not in Haifa. Heilman was in Tel Aviv.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eSEROTA: Heilman was in… I thought he was in Haifa.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eLEVIN: In Haifa, as Mann as the hazzan.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eMRS. BRUN: Maybe before you came.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eBRUN: Oh, you’re talking about the choir leader.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eLEVIN: Yeah, the choir leader.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eBRUN: He was in the up, and I was down. Down was Beis Midrash Hamerkazi…\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eSEROTA: Uh huh.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eBRUN: Top was a Beit Haknesset Hamerkazi.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eLEVIN: Ah! Okay! I knew it was a ‘merkazi’, I couldn’t…\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eBRUN: Yeah.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eLEVIN: And how many years were you in…\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eBRUN: Two and a half years.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eLEVIN: And then?\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eBRUN: And then I went to America.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eLEVIN: Why?\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eMRS. BRUN: He met me.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eBRUN: ‘Cause I…\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eLEVIN: That’s what I’m… where did he meet you?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/40305/file/111970#t=8341.0,8378.0"},{"id":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/40305/file/111970/transcript/66550/annotation/220","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"MRS. BRUN: In Haifa.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eLEVIN: Oh, you were in, in Haifa?\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eBRUN: She had a sister there.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eLEVIN: She was just…\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eMRS. BRUN: And I had a sister in America, too, and she sent…\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eBRUN: I’ll tell, I’ll give you more, I like to marry her.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eLEVIN: Because of you, he’s a yored.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eBRUN: No, no, no, now, I want to tell you something. In order to get a job, another job, what I had, I could only go one more place. To wait until will die, somebody will die or will be fired.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/40305/file/111970#t=8378.0,8402.0"},{"id":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/40305/file/111970/transcript/66550/annotation/221","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And this, I didn’t want. So I decided I’ll go to America.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eAnd we went to America…\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eLEVIN: You got married first?\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eBRUN: Of course, we got married. We got married, and the wedding was conducted by three rabbis, which all, they were all in my shul. Ha’rav Assaf — he was the author of many books, many books, about Jewish lore. And Ha’rav… the others you would not… Kanir — famous rabbi. And another rav….","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/40305/file/111970#t=8402.0,8443.0"},{"id":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/40305/file/111970/transcript/66550/annotation/222","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And one, at the wedding ceremony, they all delivered speeches. And one, Ha’rav Assaf, delivered was, it was delivered in this way, “I can say about the hazzan this way, something. In order to get, to become a rabbi, you have to, you have to get a smicha from another man, or another (?), another rabbi. Right? In order to become a doctor, you have to have the approval or the, or the, from another doctor. And so on — a lawyer from another lawyer.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/40305/file/111970#t=8443.0,8481.0"},{"id":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/40305/file/111970/transcript/66550/annotation/223","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"But our hazzan, the hazzan, he got his certificate, his voice, from the baruch (?) — from God Almighty.” And he put it in, in such a nice way, I will never forget this.\n\nTRANSCRIPTION END","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/40305/file/111970#t=8481.0,8509.67467"}]},{"id":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/40305/file/111970/transcript/39171","type":"AnnotationPage","label":{"en":["Abraham Brun interview [Transcript]"]},"items":[{"id":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/40305/file/111970/transcript/39171/annotation/224","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"LEVIN: It’s very good to be with you today. And your lovely wife.\n\nBRUN: Thank you.\n\nLEVIN: You know, you have, it seems to me, had an unusual situation in the American scene, in that you were in one synagogue for how many years?\n\nBRUN: Thirty-nine years.\n\nLEVIN: In one, one congregation.\n\nBRUN: Exclusively as a hazzan. Exclusive-, underscore exclusively as a hazzan. No teaching, no shames, no one. No shoulder clapping.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/40305/file/111970#t=15.0,48.0"},{"id":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/40305/file/111970/transcript/39171/annotation/225","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I went to shul every morning, every night, and every Shabbes, holidays. And that’s what, and I keep them, the people who decided my salaries or the length of the contract, they were pleased with me.\n\nLEVIN: Now, this in itself is an unusual situation on the American scene, as you know, because today, a hazzan is a jack-of-all-trades, and you’re telling us that you davenned as, you were a davenner, you were a singer.\n\nBRUN: (?)\n\nLEVIN: This was a synagogue that treated you as a musician. They had respect for your art.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/40305/file/111970#t=48.0,87.0"},{"id":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/40305/file/111970/transcript/39171/annotation/226","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BRUN: And for my voice.\n\nSEROTA: How often did you daven as a hazzan at the omed? Every Shabbes?\n\nBRUN: At the beginning, every Shabbes. Friday night, I made kiddush, and people came to listen to me from all over.\n\nOne Friday night, a lady came in — Friday night, I didn’t officiate Friday night, but I made kiddush — a lady came over, she congratulate me; she was pleased with my voice. Who was that lady? The lady was a professor, a voice professor. And she was told to go specially to Long Beach. By whom? By another hazzan. And she went, and she met me and I met her, and she told me I have a superb, a superb voice. And I was very pleased to hear it from a professional.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/40305/file/111970#t=87.0,145.0"},{"id":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/40305/file/111970/transcript/39171/annotation/227","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Then I started to be called from, to different synagogues to officiate for their fund-raising, different organizations. And that’s what went on for the years.\n\nLEVIN: So that in those years right after the war in the 1950s, even 1960s, here was an Orthodox synagogue which appreciated hazzanut.\n\nBRUN: And how.\n\nLEVIN: And choir?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/40305/file/111970#t=145.0,174.0"},{"id":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/40305/file/111970/transcript/39171/annotation/228","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BRUN: And I had, I had one Shabbes for tickets, I, as a hazzan.\n\nLEVIN: Yeah?\n\nBRUN: Davenned for tickets.\n\nLEVIN: In your own synagogue?\n\nBRUN: In my own synagogue, and people bought tickets. Even members had to pay for a ticket. And who was my choir leader at that Shabbes? Samuel Sterner.\n\nLEVIN: Oh, yes. Was that the only time you worked with Sterner?\n\nBRUN: And Ganchoff came specially to listen to me and me and my, my wife and I invited him to our house for Shabbes, and we had a wonderful Shabbes.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/40305/file/111970#t=174.0,207.0"},{"id":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/40305/file/111970/transcript/39171/annotation/229","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"LEVIN: Was this only time you worked with Sterner?\n\nBRUN: In my shul, yes.\n\nLEVIN: Outside your shul?\n\nBRUN: Outside, yes. I had different occasions.\n\nLEVIN: With Sterner?\n\nBRUN: Yes.\n\nSEROTA: When you worked with him, did he give you the score for the cantor’s part for the choral numbers?\n\nBRUN: Of course.\n\nSEROTA: Did he give you the full score or just the cantor’s part?\n\nBRUN: No, the cantor’s part. What for? What for did I need the whole score?\n\nSEROTA: In case you wanted to see what the other voices are doing when you’re doing your parts.\n\nBRUN: No, I usually, I was given the music for my part, and I sang it. And he was satisfied. I had no, I had no arguments with him — he was a difficult man to deal with.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/40305/file/111970#t=207.0,246.0"},{"id":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/40305/file/111970/transcript/39171/annotation/230","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"LEVIN: What about during the year, every, for the High Holy Days, for Shabbes? Did you have your own choir?\n\nBRUN: Schreiber used to come to my shul to listen to me. And all the people…\n\nLEVIN: In the summertime, mostly.\n\nBRUN: Summertime.\n\nLEVIN: Yeah, they lived out there in the summer.\n\nBRUN: It is an… the era has finished. A hazzan is not anymore their own crowd for a shul any longer. Very few people will belong, who will start a membership because of a hazzan.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/40305/file/111970#t=246.0,276.0"},{"id":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/40305/file/111970/transcript/39171/annotation/231","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"SEROTA: In your shul, how many more people would you say came during the summer than during the winter? Was it a…\n\nBRUN: Eighty percent came in the summertime.\n\nMRS. BRUN: Back in the beginning years.\n\nBRUN: Twenty percent stayed the whole year. Eighty percent, mind you.\n\nSEROTA: So that’s basically like May, June, July, August, September?\n\nBRUN: Yes.\n\nLEVIN: People started…\n\nBRUN: Over the holidays, until almost Sukkos.\n\nMRS. BRUN: Not now anymore. Now…\n\nLEVIN: Till Sukkos, huh?\n\nMRS. BRUN: Oh, yeah.\n\nLEVIN: So people had summer homes there and they would come out for weekends, and…\n\nMRS. BRUN: That’s right.\n\nBRUN: Yeah. This is the… this was the…","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/40305/file/111970#t=276.0,305.0"},{"id":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/40305/file/111970/transcript/39171/annotation/232","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"MRS. BRUN: But now they live all year round.\n\nSEROTA: Yeah. But you have a smaller number coming that live all year round than you had in the prime years, when a lot of people would go away for weekends.\n\nBRUN: Yes. A difference is, you would have to say that the world has changed, Long Beach has changed.\n\nSEROTA: Wasn’t there a hotel, the Promenade Hotel in Long Beach?\n\nBRUN: The Promenade Hotel…\n\nMRS. BRUN: Yes…\n\nBRUN: …where they had hazzanim to come for Shabbes and for Yontiff.\n\nSEROTA: How far was that from your shul?\n\nBRUN: About 12 minutes — between 12 and 15 minutes walk from my shul.\n\nMRS. BRUN: It changed, Long Beach changed an awful lot. It’s not, it’s much nicer than it used to be.\n\nLEVIN: Nicer?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/40305/file/111970#t=305.0,343.0"},{"id":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/40305/file/111970/transcript/39171/annotation/233","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"MRS. BRUN: It used to be a lot of old age homes, but they disappeared.\n\nSEROTA: The people got younger?\n\nMRS. BRUN: Yes. Younger, now, who knows where they went on vacation?\n\nBRUN: That is a, you cannot compare the Long Beach of today to the years, to 30 years ago or 40 years ago.\n\nMRS. BRUN: Yeah, it’s… but it’s beautiful, Long Beach. Very nice.\n\nBRUN: I didn’t want to bring the letters along what I received from different personalities, complimenting me, because I knew that it would not be of interest, great interest for the session. But I have countless letters from (?), from lawyers, from doctors, professional people, with a standing in the Jewish community.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/40305/file/111970#t=343.0,391.0"},{"id":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/40305/file/111970/transcript/39171/annotation/234","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"When they came to listen to me, the only thing what they wanted to express their appreciation with my voice and with my way of conducting services.\n\nSEROTA: How far away from you is the shul where Kaplow was hazzan?\n\nBRUN: About 15, 20 minutes.\n\nLEVIN: That’s far.\n\nSEROTA: Walk.\n\nLEVIN: Oh, walk, walk.\n\nSEROTA: And he had a man conducting with him, a man named Brenner.\n\nMRS. BRUN: Yeah.\n\nBRUN: Yeah.\n\nSEROTA: Is he still around?\n\nBRUN: No.\n\nMRS. BRUN: No, he isn’t.\n\nSEROTA: Brenner died?\n\nBRUN: He died.\n\nSEROTA: How long ago?\n\nMRS. BRUN: Long time ago.\n\nLEVIN: But that was never Orthodox, Kaplow’s place, was it?\n\nSEROTA: I don’t know. Was Kaplow’s…\n\nBRUN: It was a Conservative shul.\n\nSEROTA: But with a male choir, a male quartet they had.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/40305/file/111970#t=391.0,428.0"},{"id":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/40305/file/111970/transcript/39171/annotation/235","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BRUN: Yes and no.\n\nMRS. BRUN: Just for the holidays, I think.\n\nBRUN: For the holidays, they had a male choir once, and then they changed it for a mixed choir.\n\nSEROTA: They made a record once with a male quartet.\n\nBRUN: At the beginning.\n\nSEROTA: Yeah. And Brenner conducted.\n\nMRS. BRUN: Rosh Hashanah, Yom Kippur, they sit the women and men together. The whole year, no.\n\nSEROTA: That’s rather unusual.\n\nLEVIN: It’s the other way around, usually.\n\nSEROTA: So the whole year round they had separate seating…\n\nMRS. BRUN: Yes.\n\nSEROTA: …except for Rosh Hashanah and Yom Kippur?\n\nMRS. BRUN: Just Rosh Hashanah, Yom Kippur.\n\nSEROTA: He was there many years.\n\nMRS. BRUN: Oh, yeah.\n\nBRUN: He was there 50 years.\n\nSEROTA: He did something else for a living, didn’t he?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/40305/file/111970#t=428.0,463.0"},{"id":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/40305/file/111970/transcript/39171/annotation/236","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"MRS. BRUN: He used to be…\n\nBRUN: He’s…\n\nSEROTA: Handkerchiefs? He sold handkerchiefs?\n\nMRS. BRUN: …a salesman. A salesman, no.\n\nSEROTA: Ties?\n\nMRS. BRUN: Underwear.\n\nSEROTA: Underwear.\n\nMRS. BRUN: Ladies’ underwear.\n\nLEVIN: He made money, I think he made money.\n\nBRUN: Long Beach is a, I have only good memories from Long Beach.\n\nMRS. BRUN: Yeah. They respected him, and they still respect him. The biggest koved…\n\nBRUN: Any function what a cantor can accept, I was called upon. The hospital dinners, different organizations, I became the President for Mizrahi in Long Beach, and I had the biggest Jewish national leaders, or international leaders coming, and I hosted them.\n\nAnd it gave me a feeling, not the hazzan from my… of years ago, he was a nothing. I was a person, I was a personality.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/40305/file/111970#t=463.0,523.0"},{"id":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/40305/file/111970/transcript/39171/annotation/237","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"LEVIN: You had a choir, aside from Julius, did they have their own choir at the synagogue there?\n\nBRUN: No, my synagogue didn’t have a choir.\n\nLEVIN: So what would happen the average Shabbes?\n\nBRUN: Average Shabbes I led, I’d have them sing congregational singing.\n\nLEVIN: And Pesach, Shavuos…\n\nBRUN: Congregational singing.\n\nSEROTA: No choir.\n\nBRUN: No choir.\n\nLEVIN: And Yamim Noraim?\n\nBRUN: No choir.\n\nLEVIN: Why? Did you want a choir, or…\n\nBRUN: No, they didn’t want it. They want me to lead them in congre-… they want to sing along.\n\nLEVIN: From the beginning, even 40 years ago?\n\nBRUN: From the beginning, they wanted to be participating in the services. Actually, I instituted that. ‘Cause I made them to memorize the singing, and they sang along.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/40305/file/111970#t=523.0,560.0"},{"id":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/40305/file/111970/transcript/39171/annotation/238","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"SEROTA: Let’s see — the other synagogues in the area, for example… your synagogue was… what’s the name of your synagogue?\n\nMRS. BRUN: Temple Beth El.\n\nSEROTA: Beth El. So the other synagogue where Kaplow was, was Temple…\n\nBRUN: Temple Israel.\n\nSEROTA: Temple Israel. So they had a choir was it every week?\n\nBRUN: High Holidays.\n\nSEROTA: Just High Holidays, or…\n\nBRUN: No, only High Holidays.\n\nSEROTA: They didn’t have, let’s say…\n\nBRUN: No.\n\nSEROTA: …a quartet during the season?\n\nBRUN: No.\n\nLEVIN: But how could you do… so you couldn’t do any of the compositions, of course, that you did in Europe?\n\nBRUN: No, no, no.\n\nLEVIN: Not even…","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/40305/file/111970#t=560.0,586.0"},{"id":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/40305/file/111970/transcript/39171/annotation/239","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BRUN: Because I put in, in my services a combination of everything — congregational singing, recitatives, modern music from the operatic style, and I fit it in into the services. And the inte-, the so-called cultured people who used to go to operas, who used to go to concerts — not hazzanishe concerts — they appreciated it.\n\nI remember, in fact, to our annual affair from my synagogue, they had Eddie Fisher. When he got the… I sang — not hazzanas.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/40305/file/111970#t=586.0,631.0"},{"id":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/40305/file/111970/transcript/39171/annotation/240","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I sang two arias, and I sang in one song, I think in English. (Sings) Yoel, she’s my heart alone. And when I was through with my couple songs what I sang, they introduced Eddie Fisher. And Eddie Fisher started off, “You didn’t need to invite me to give a concert. Your own cantor has a better voice than I have.”\n\nAnd he complimented me, and people were thrilled that I am a subject of compliments from Eddie Fisher. And Eddie Fisher was not yet famous — he was discharged from the Army at that time. This was the story with Eddie Fisher at my, in 1949.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/40305/file/111970#t=631.0,692.0"},{"id":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/40305/file/111970/transcript/39171/annotation/241","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"SEROTA: You mentioned before that your synagogue was basically in a resorts-type community, where people would go for the weekends during the course of the spring and summer season.\n\nBRUN: Yeah.\n\nSEROTA: That’s where the, the majority of the worshippers were, that’s when the majority of the worshippers were in attendance in your shul.\n\nBRUN: Right, right.\n\nSEROTA: Spring, summer, starting with May up through the holidays.\n\nBRUN: Over the holidays.\n\nSEROTA: Right. In addition, there were other hotels where people went where they didn’t necessarily have their own cottages, but people would stay for weekends in the hotels and these hotels had hazzanim.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/40305/file/111970#t=692.0,726.0"},{"id":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/40305/file/111970/transcript/39171/annotation/242","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BRUN: Not that…\n\nSEROTA: Sometimes.\n\nBRUN: there was one, hazzan, no, no. They only did, I conducted, there used to be a hotel where I was conducting the sedarim.\n\nSEROTA: Which hotel was that?\n\nBRUN: Atlantic. And when I went, when I was through with ma’ariv, the first night of Pesach, I was running about, a half an, a half an hour, not to be too late for the sedarim, and I made money.\n\nSEROTA: What other hotels were in the area that would have had a hazzanim for the yom tov?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/40305/file/111970#t=726.0,761.0"},{"id":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/40305/file/111970/transcript/39171/annotation/243","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BRUN: No, no. Only the Atlantic was the… the hotel you mentioned before.\n\nSEROTA: If I recall, when I first came to New York in ‘65, the Promenade Hotel engaged Hazzan Pinchik.\n\nBRUN: Yes.\n\nSEROTA: And I think that was one of his last appearances.\n\nBRUN: That’s true. Not for the High Holidays.\n\nSEROTA: No — Pesach or Shavuos.\n\nBRUN: Yes.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/40305/file/111970#t=761.0,784.0"},{"id":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/40305/file/111970/transcript/39171/annotation/244","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"LEVIN: Now, let’s go back to the beginning of the story. You were born in Europe, of course.\n\nBRUN: I was born in a city, Lodz, was the second-largest city in Poland. After Warsaw, came Lodz. And you want to know my, the date of my birth?\n\nLEVIN: Why not?\n\nBRUN: December the fourteenth, 1909. And I was born by a religious talmudical giants in my family. My father was named Rabitch Meyer Wolke. And I had two brothers, two sisters.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/40305/file/111970#t=784.0,827.0"},{"id":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/40305/file/111970/transcript/39171/annotation/245","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"LEVIN: And you’re the only one left in your…\n\nBRUN: I’m the only survivor.\n\nLEVIN: …family now? Yeah.\n\nSo how did it begin with musical training? I mean, with hazzanas? First place, tell us about, I presume you sang in a choir as a child.\n\nBRUN: I sang in a choir without the, my parents didn’t permit me to do it.\n\nLEVIN: Why?\n\nBRUN: I was wearing a Hassidic garb, a long black coat, with a black cap.\n\nLEVIN: In other words, they didn’t permit you because your parents were Hassidim?\n\nBRUN: Oh, Hassidim.\n\nLEVIN: Who were they, who did they follow?\n\nBRUN: Gerrer Hassidim.\n\nLEVIN: So they followed the Gerrer Rebbe?\n\nBRUN: Yeah, my father, olav hasholem, was the Ger, the baal missiv in the biggest shtetl in Lodz.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/40305/file/111970#t=827.0,865.0"},{"id":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/40305/file/111970/transcript/39171/annotation/246","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"LEVIN: Of the Gerrers?\n\nBRUN: Gerrers, yes.\n\nLEVIN: And did they ever travel to Ger, to Gur?\n\nBRUN: No, I never went with my father to Ger.\n\nLEVIN: But he went?\n\nBRUN: Not necessarily.\n\nHe had a friend who was the Parsever (?) Rebbe. Parsever Rebbe and he was a friend to the rebbe. One, when I was already singing in the choir, my father told me, “I’ll take you along to the Rebbe, to the Parsever Rebbe.” And I went along with my father to the Parsever Rebbe, and I was already wearing a tie or something like a tie, and I was maybe a little more modern, not for a Hassidishe boy.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/40305/file/111970#t=865.0,908.0"},{"id":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/40305/file/111970/transcript/39171/annotation/247","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The people came and they, they, poured water on my throat and my head, and they made me wet, as a rejection of my being not a Hassidic boy.\n\nBut nevertheless, I was so willing to continue to be a choir boy, that I didn’t look for anything what my father want, and I rejected and I kept on singing in choir.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/40305/file/111970#t=908.0,940.0"},{"id":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/40305/file/111970/transcript/39171/annotation/248","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"LEVIN: How did you get started, if your parents were against it? Your father didn’t want you…how did you get introduced to singing in a choir in shul?\n\nBRUN: How I got in there?\n\nLEVIN: Yeah.\n\nBRUN: Two other boys.\n\nLEVIN: Through the influence of other boys who were in it.\n\nBRUN: Of course.\n\nLEVIN: And what, do you remember what synagogue it was, where you first sang?\n\nBRUN: The Wilker Shul was, the Wilker Shul — it was a choir with a choir leader. The name of the choir leader was Sokolofsky. A tall man.\n\nLEVIN: Do you remember his first name?\n\nBRUN: Yeah. Leipke Sokolofsky.\n\nLEVIN: Leipke?\n\nBRUN: Lap-… they called him Leipke Sokolofsky.\n\nLEVIN: And, would you say this was a chor shul, typical…","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/40305/file/111970#t=940.0,987.0"},{"id":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/40305/file/111970/transcript/39171/annotation/249","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BRUN: No, it was an Orthodox shul with the richest Jewish people in Long Beach.\n\nLEVIN: No, no, I’m talking about in Lodz.\n\nBRUN: In Lodz.\n\nLEVIN: Would you say this was a chor shul? A typical chor shul from Europe?\n\nBRUN: No, this was a shul, an Orthodox shul with the belemer in center but and no, it was not a chor shul. A chor shul was close to a Conservative shul.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/40305/file/111970#t=987.0,1019.0"},{"id":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/40305/file/111970/transcript/39171/annotation/250","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"LEVIN: But it was still meant, I mean, a chor shul nevertheless — the men and women still sat separately.\n\nBRUN: Of course.\n\nLEVIN: Yes. You mean it was more liberal.\n\nBRUN: But this shul, the Wilker shul, was an Orthodox shul, with a shames in center and with a clep and a trukhan.\n\nLEVIN: And you had a choir all the time there? Every Shabbes?\n\nBRUN: Every Shabbes there was a choir; I was singing in the choir.\n\nLEVIN: How many children were in the choir?\n\nBRUN: About 20…\n\nLEVIN: And how many…\n\nBRUN: …22.\n\nLEVIN: And how many men?\n\nBRUN: Men, four and four — four tenors and four basses.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/40305/file/111970#t=1019.0,1052.0"},{"id":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/40305/file/111970/transcript/39171/annotation/251","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"LEVIN: And you sang soprano?\n\nBRUN: No. Later on, the permanent choir, I was singing as tenor. I started at 16 years.\n\nLEVIN: You were 16 years old when you started.\n\nBRUN: Sixteen years.\n\nLEVIN: Oh, I thought you started when you were a little boy.\n\nBRUN: But this was not permanent.\n\nSEROTA: So as a child, you were singing there, but only intermittently?\n\nBRUN: Yes.\n\nLEVIN: How old were you when you first began singing in the choir?\n\nBRUN: Probably I would say between 11 and 13 years.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/40305/file/111970#t=1052.0,1083.0"},{"id":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/40305/file/111970/transcript/39171/annotation/252","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"LEVIN: And then you sang soprano or alto or…\n\nBRUN: And then I changed, my voice changed. And soon, my voice got the quality of a man’s voice, I was hired to sing along, to sing in the choir.\n\nLEVIN: And do you remember, what kind of music did you sing in such a shul?\n\nBRUN: The music?\n\nLEVIN: Yeah.\n\nBRUN: I’ll tell you. The first solo that he gave me, the choir leader, was Lewandowski’s Veshamru. (Sings)","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/40305/file/111970#t=1083.0,1151.0"},{"id":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/40305/file/111970/transcript/39171/annotation/253","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The choir comes along. (Sings) Then the basses come in. (Sings)… are you familiar with that composition?\n\nLEVIN: Yes.\n\nBRUN: Then I sang also in the solo asher moloch.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/40305/file/111970#t=1151.0,1180.0"},{"id":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/40305/file/111970/transcript/39171/annotation/254","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"(Sings) … also in Lewandowski. (Sings)\n\nLEVIN: I want to hear more — but this is beautiful — but this is the fascinating thing, you see, that you’re saying that Lewandowski was done, a lot of Lewandowski, even in Lodz — it wasn’t only in Germany, right?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/40305/file/111970#t=1180.0,1214.0"},{"id":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/40305/file/111970/transcript/39171/annotation/255","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BRUN: Of course.\n\nLEVIN: Lewandowski, many compositions, would you say, of Lewandowski?\n\nBRUN: I sang many compositions.\n\nLEVIN: In Lodz?\n\nBRUN: In Lodz. In that shul, where I was singing, I also was singled out as a soloist in Polokoff’s Mogen avos, if you’re familiar with the composition.\n\nLEVIN: No, not that one.\n\nBRUN: It’s the old, the choir starts… (Sings)","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/40305/file/111970#t=1214.0,1319.0"},{"id":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/40305/file/111970/transcript/39171/annotation/256","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"This was, this was my outstanding solo.\n\nLEVIN: Who was, who was Palyeff? Do you know this composition?\n\nSEROTA: I’ve heard the name.\n\nBRUN: Palyakoff.\n\nSEROTA: In one of Broslovski’s books, he has some arrangements by Palyakoff.\n\nLEVIN: Does this music exist anywhere? Do you have the music for this?\n\nBRUN: No, I don’t think so.\n\nLEVIN: Does it exist anywhere?\n\nBRUN: It must be, it must be.\n\nSEROTA: The manuscript collections.\n\nLEVIN: Manuscript, but you wouldn’t know where to find the manuscript of Palyakoff.\n\nBRUN: I’ll look up in mine… I have a whole library with a lot of hazzanishe compositions, and I’ll have a look at that.\n\nLEVIN: This would be very interesting, to see it.\n\nAnd how about, how about Sulzer? Did you sing any Sulzer there?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/40305/file/111970#t=1319.0,1355.0"},{"id":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/40305/file/111970/transcript/39171/annotation/257","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BRUN: Of course.\n\nLEVIN: You did? In Lodz?\n\nBRUN: Yeah, sure. (Sings)","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/40305/file/111970#t=1355.0,1396.0"},{"id":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/40305/file/111970/transcript/39171/annotation/258","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Are you familiar with that?\n\nLEVIN: Yeah, sure. Sure. But it’s interesting to see what the repertoire was in, in cities like Lodz, Lodz, anywhere in Eastern Europe — in Poland, let’s say — in terms of German… composers from Germany and Austria. So we hear now that Lewandowski, you probably did many compositions of Lewandowski.\n\nSEROTA: Ma tovu I imagine you did from Lewandowski.\n\nBRUN: It’s another one of those… you cannot be a hazzan without singing Ma tovu. You cannot sing the…\n\nLEVIN: Gerovich?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/40305/file/111970#t=1396.0,1425.0"},{"id":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/40305/file/111970/transcript/39171/annotation/259","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BRUN: Gerovich I sang.\n\nLEVIN: They did do Gerovich?\n\nBRUN: Of course, Gerovich did first kaddishe and mimkomkha.\n\nLEVIN: And how about…\n\nBRUN: (Sings) You are acquainted?\n\nLEVIN: Sure. All the Gerovich.\n\nBRUN: (Sings)… by the way, he instituted a choir — Otto Wolf, whose pupil I was.\n\nLEVIN: In Vienna?\n\nBRUN: In Vienna, in his school, in his conservatory, and he, among other compositions, had this composition of mimkomkha from…\n\nLEVIN: Gerovich.\n\nSEROTA: Gerovich.\n\nBRUN: Gerovich.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/40305/file/111970#t=1425.0,1462.0"},{"id":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/40305/file/111970/transcript/39171/annotation/260","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"SEROTA: What kind of choir was this? Did this choir perform anywhere?\n\nBRUN: He had a feeling for, for liturgical music.\n\nSEROTA: Wolf.\n\nBRUN: Wolf.\n\nWhile on the subject of Wolf, I must tell you this. When I was on the radio, one day after my program, I walked out from the studio, and I’m coming and I’m nearing to the door — a man, a short man, stopped me. “Mein namen, my name is Otto Wolf.”","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/40305/file/111970#t=1462.0,1496.0"},{"id":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/40305/file/111970/transcript/39171/annotation/261","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And I was shocked. He never, he didn’t pay attention to anybody of his students. Only professionally. Otherwise, he had no relationship with any of, with nobody.\n\nAnd he told me that he was proud of me, that a man like me, who was his pupil, made such a success on the radio. And I felt that I was given a mitzvah by inviting him, and invited him for lunch, on 49th Street, do you remember the restaurant on 94th Street— diary restaurant - this was not important, but I invited him for lunch, and he was a lonely man.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/40305/file/111970#t=1496.0,1547.0"},{"id":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/40305/file/111970/transcript/39171/annotation/262","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"He was teaching, he was teaching in Philadelphia in university — voice. And he lived in Washington Heights, and he traveled a few times a week, twice or three times a week, to Philadelphia. After listening to him and after spending time, I invited him to come out to Long Beach, but it was too difficult for him; he couldn’t accept the invitation.\n\nLEVIN: You told us who the conductor was in Lodz at the, at the…\n\nBRUN: In my shul.\n\nLEVIN: …at the shul, but who was the hazzan? When you were in the choir as a young boy.\n\nBRUN: When I was… it was a hazzan Liss, L-i-s-s.\n\nLEVIN: Uh huh.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/40305/file/111970#t=1547.0,1590.0"},{"id":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/40305/file/111970/transcript/39171/annotation/263","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BRUN: And it was a hazzan Moshe Steltseveh, who had a voice, a tre-, a tre-, with a tremor — (sings). And the people didn’t like him, but they didn’t have the g-, the moral to throw him out.\n\nFinally, he left the job, and they hired another hazzan, Polakevich. And it was already a tradition that the cantor solos shall not be taken away from me, and I was continuing singing the cantor solos.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/40305/file/111970#t=1590.0,1632.0"},{"id":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/40305/file/111970/transcript/39171/annotation/264","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"SEROTA: Why did you sing the cantor solos?\n\nBRUN: Because I was the attraction.\n\nSEROTA: I see. In other words, the cantor was not capable of singing the cantor solos\n\nLEVIN: How did you get to Vienna from Lodz? What caused you…\n\nBRUN: I saved money. I didn’t reveal to anybody from my family that I’m going to Vienna, and I bought a passport for this, an auslander, a pass. And I got a visa through Czechoslovakia to Hungary and to Portugal. But I didn’t get a visa to Vienna, to Austria. But nevertheless, I stopped in Vienna.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/40305/file/111970#t=1632.0,1677.0"},{"id":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/40305/file/111970/transcript/39171/annotation/265","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It was on a six o’clock in the morning when I arrived, and I went into a shul and I befriended a man, a young man, a Rabbi Greenberg, and I told him I just arrived from Lodz and I want to study here. And he asked me politely, “You have a passport?” I said, yes. I took out my passport and I showed him. He took the passport away from me, he told me that, “You have a passport without an auslander visa. How can you stay here? But nevertheless, you will sleep over in my house” — this Rabbi Greenberg.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/40305/file/111970#t=1677.0,1713.0"},{"id":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/40305/file/111970/transcript/39171/annotation/266","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And he asked me right in the morning when he invite me for breakfast, I should open my mouth and sing. And I sang for him and he told me, “You have a great future.” And the following morning, he told me, “You will sleep in my house until I will get you a visa in Austria.”\n\nHe never got me a visa. Just I was, he was, I was illegally as a permanent. This was Vienna.\n\nLEVIN: But you stayed there for a little while? You sang?\n\nBRUN: I stayed.\n\nLEVIN: In Vienna.\n\nBRUN: In his, in his house and then I became a student.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/40305/file/111970#t=1713.0,1751.0"},{"id":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/40305/file/111970/transcript/39171/annotation/267","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"LEVIN: Of Arthur Wolf?\n\nBRUN: Arthur Wolf, and I then, and the Conservatory, in the Neus Viennishe Conservatorium.\n\nLEVIN: And how long did you stay in the Conservatory?\n\nBRUN: An hour, a year with, a year and a half.\n\nLEVIN: So you were there a long time?\n\nBRUN: A long time.\n\nSEROTA: So what synagogues do you remember? Do you remember the Seitenstettengasse temple?\n\nBRUN: Seitenstettengasse — that’s where… yes.\n\nLEVIN: The Sulzer temple?\n\nBRUN: No, this was the Seitenstettengasse was where Fisher was…\n\nLEVIN: Yeah, no, but I mean, that was where Sulzer was…\n\nBRUN: Yes.\n\nLEVIN: …doing the music 100 years ago.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/40305/file/111970#t=1751.0,1780.0"},{"id":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/40305/file/111970/transcript/39171/annotation/268","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"SEROTA: What kind of hazzan was Fisher?\n\nBRUN: Top hazzan. Top hazzan. A baritone voice.\n\nBut the leading hazzan from among the hazzanim was Frankel. Margulis.\n\nSEROTA: What did Frankel have that Fisher didn’t have?\n\nBRUN: Frankel had a voice for, to be liked be East European people. The modern, modern people didn’t like Frankel.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/40305/file/111970#t=1780.0,1811.0"},{"id":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/40305/file/111970/transcript/39171/annotation/269","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"You know, these hopkis. Like he sang the second kiddushe the na’aritzkha. (Sings) … this is from Frankel. (Sings) …. the choir repeats.\n\nSEROTA: So by Fisher they didn’t sing these types of compositions.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/40305/file/111970#t=1811.0,1840.0"},{"id":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/40305/file/111970/transcript/39171/annotation/270","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BRUN: No, it was a different shul and a different yik. Frankel attracted a lot of Jewish people from Eastern Europe, not from Vienna.\n\nLEVIN: And the other one — Fisher was in the Shtadt shul, yeah?\n\nBRUN: Yeah, Fisher and Margulis.\n\nSEROTA: Margulis. Who were some of the other ones? In Vienna?\n\nDid you know, Yehuda Mandel when he was in Vienna?\n\nBRUN: Who?\n\nSEROTA: Yehuda Mandel?\n\nBRUN: No, he was in Budapest.\n\nSEROTA: Yeah, but he was in Vienna later for…\n\nBRUN: Not my time.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/40305/file/111970#t=1840.0,1870.0"},{"id":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/40305/file/111970/transcript/39171/annotation/271","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BRUN: When I was hazzan in Haifa, he was also in a smaller shul in Haifa.\n\nSEROTA: And Leibish Miller you knew?\n\nBRUN: Of course. But I didn’t know him when he came to Israel. I didn’t meet him in Israel. I met him in… I was a young boy.\n\nSEROTA: Did you ever hear Leibish Miller daven?\n\nBRUN: Of course.\n\nSEROTA: What was he like?\n\nBRUN: Outstanding. His voice was, he manipulated his, from a piano to a, from a forte to a piano to a pianissimo — the interpretation was a classic one. I liked him very much.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/40305/file/111970#t=1870.0,1908.0"},{"id":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/40305/file/111970/transcript/39171/annotation/272","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"SEROTA: When you say “classic,” you mean let’s say he sang like a, like a Western singer or something?\n\nBRUN: Like a Western singer, like people who concertize with the modern, modern repertoire.\n\nSEROTA: Like Fisher did?\n\nBRUN: Like Fisher.\n\nSEROTA: Except he had a little bit more warmth. Would you say he was more…\n\nBRUN: Yes, yes.\n\nLEVIN: Did, and you left Vienna, and you went back to Lodz?\n\nBRUN: I left Vienna. I was sent away from Vienna, and I went, I went to Pressburg, Bratislava.\n\nSEROTA: Hmmm.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/40305/file/111970#t=1908.0,1945.0"},{"id":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/40305/file/111970/transcript/39171/annotation/273","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BRUN: And over there was a choir leader by the name Keyofsky. And I went to this Keyofsky, and I told him who I was and what I, and why I came to Pressburg. And he told me, “Go to the shul and tell them that you are a hazzan too, not only a choir singer.”\n\nAnd I went to the shul where my uncle used to be a hazzan, in the big shul — you heard of Morocha? And I asked him to permit me to daven a Shabbes. And he looked at me — I was shaved. “How do I know that you are Jewish?” the President told me. Very serious. So I gave him, I started to sing a few prayers, and he gave me the permission to daven Shabbes.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/40305/file/111970#t=1945.0,1995.0"},{"id":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/40305/file/111970/transcript/39171/annotation/274","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And he gave me two tickets to go Friday night and Saturday lunch to eat in a restaurant which was open Shabbes, but the tickets had to be bought in advance. And I ate there, and I davenned Shabbes, and I got paid. And then I continued from Pressburg, from Bratislava to Bruneau, Brun, my city. And I went immediately up to a Cantor… what was name… the cantor from… Mann!","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/40305/file/111970#t=1995.0,2037.0"},{"id":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/40305/file/111970/transcript/39171/annotation/275","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"SEROTA: Yitzhak Mann?\n\nBRUN: Ignatz Mann. Ignatz Mann. I came to Yitzhak Mann and he wanted to show off that he — he had a reputation that he didn’t know Hebrew. He didn’t know well Hebrew, anyway. So he took out a chummash and he needed (inaudible) from the week. Remarkable. And he opened his mouth, and he sang for me all kind of servitor. The voice was unbelievable. He had a high C with a crescendo. He took the high C in forte, and then he…","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/40305/file/111970#t=2037.0,2074.0"},{"id":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/40305/file/111970/transcript/39171/annotation/276","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"LEVIN: Now, first of all, in… is that how you got your name? Did you take the name of the city of Brun?\n\nBRUN: No, my name is Brun.\n\nLEVIN: It was Brun from, from…\n\nBRUN: From at home, from where I was born, Brun. But in America, the B-r-u-n what I had at home was with two dots on the u.\n\nSEROTA: An umlaut.\n\nBRUN: Two, yeah, umlaut. That’s right. But, and it became Brun. But in Yiddish, I am still advertised as Brun.\n\nLEVIN: But in other words, it’s not, it’s not from…","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/40305/file/111970#t=2074.0,2110.0"},{"id":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/40305/file/111970/transcript/39171/annotation/277","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BRUN: Not legally changed.\n\nLEVIN: It has nothing to do with the city of Brun.\n\nBRUN: Yes. When I went, when I walked into the post office in Bruneau, when I told them that I here, I’m here on a visa, on a transit visa…\n\nLEVIN: Hmmm-mmmm.\n\nBRUN: So they gave me a paper to sign, and I signed my name, Abraham Brun. “Who’s the… the gates are open for you.”\n\nLEVIN: But it’s a coincidence. Your family never lived there. Your grandfathers or…\n\nBRUN: No, no, no.\n\nLEVIN: How did, so how did they get the name, how did they get the name Brun?\n\nBRUN: Mine daughter was in Israel, she was, she was at Beit Hatfutsot. And they gave her a whole bunch of papers, but it… nothing, nothing says where the name came.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/40305/file/111970#t=2110.0,2156.0"},{"id":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/40305/file/111970/transcript/39171/annotation/278","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"LEVIN: Uh huh. Now, do you have, for example, it brings to mind the famous composer Bezalel Brun.\n\nBRUN: No relationship.\n\nLEVIN: No relation.\n\nSEROTA: One question we didn’t ask. We didn’t ask why it was that you went to Vienna to begin with. What was your intention…\n\nBRUN: My intention…\n\nSEROTA: …in leaving Lodz and going to Vienna?\n\nBRUN: To make a career, to be one of the greatest singers in the world.\n\nLEVIN: Singer or hazzan?\n\nBRUN: Singer.\n\nLEVIN: A western singer.\n\nBRUN: A western singer. With my voice, I opened my voice and people were fascinated.\n\nLEVIN: So you were going to be a concert singer. Did you think you were going to be an opera singer?\n\nBRUN: I didn’t, I didn’t think of being in opera, but at that time, it was a singer by the name — the Yiddish singer Schmidt, Joseph Schmidt.\n\nLEVIN: Yes.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/40305/file/111970#t=2156.0,2206.0"},{"id":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/40305/file/111970/transcript/39171/annotation/279","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BRUN: And I was a big fan of Joseph Schmidt. And I wanted to be like Joseph Schmidt. And my voice, to the opinion of many mavinem, to many critics, has a similarity to the voice of Joseph Schmidt.\n\nLEVIN: But you went to Budapest also, yes?\n\nBRUN: I went to Budapest. This is a story very interesting for you to know. I had, I sang together in Lodz in a choir with a tenor, his name was Gotschall.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/40305/file/111970#t=2206.0,2236.0"},{"id":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/40305/file/111970/transcript/39171/annotation/280","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"LEVIN: I want to stop you, but this is — you’ll see why — and ask you something about Gotschall. This was in Lodz already or in…\n\nBRUN: I was, when I was in choir in Lodz. One of the four tenors was a tenor by the name Gotschall, Shloimey Gotschall. And he told me that he has a brother, Jacob, who is a choir leader in Budapest. And his hazzan there is Tkach. I don’t know if you heard the name.\n\nLEVIN: Israel Tkach.\n\nBRUN: Tkach… because he was in the Rumbach Shul. In the Rumbach Shul.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/40305/file/111970#t=2236.0,2274.0"},{"id":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/40305/file/111970/transcript/39171/annotation/281","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And I went to this Mr. Gotschall and I introduced myself, and I told him, “I just bring you regards from your brother. I was singing together in choir with him in Lodz.”\n\nAnd he invited me to his apartment. He was a bachelor. I remember the address — Teleketaire 80. And his apartment was filled with the music, with all, from all kind.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/40305/file/111970#t=2274.0,2311.0"},{"id":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/40305/file/111970/transcript/39171/annotation/282","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And at that time, he was also the choir leader in the Budapest opera. Only the choir leader. Not with the orchestra, but he conducted the choir.\n\nAnd he helped me a lot. And he introduced me to the hazzan in the shul, Tkach. Tkach. You remember the name?\n\nLEVIN: Yes.\n\nWell, was there another Gotschall that you ever came across by the name Samuel Gotschall?\n\nBRUN: No.\n\nLEVIN: Did his parents in, did his ancestors, were they involved in hazzanas, Gotschall?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/40305/file/111970#t=2311.0,2342.0"},{"id":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/40305/file/111970/transcript/39171/annotation/283","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BRUN: I know that Gotschall had a brother who was a shochet in Debrecen. Debrecen, Hungary. But I never met him. I didn’t have a chance to go and to meet him, but I met other hazzanim in Budapest from, who were very friendly with me — Fisher. You heard of Fisher in Budapest?\n\nLEVIN: In Buda-… not the main, no.\n\nBRUN: No, he wasn’t…\n\nLEVIN: Fish I heard of.\n\nBRUN: Fisher.\n\nLEVIN: No, I didn’t, I didn’t know Fisher.\n\nBRUN: Fisher.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/40305/file/111970#t=2342.0,2373.0"},{"id":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/40305/file/111970/transcript/39171/annotation/284","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"LEVIN: I have a book, a par de tour, basically, that has the name “Gotschall” on it written in hand, Samuel Gotschall. So I’m… and I don’t know exactly where it’s from. Somewhere from Hungary. And I’m wondering… or maybe even Romania, and I’m wondering if it’s…\n\nBRUN: Well this Gotschall was Polish, was…\n\nLEVIN: He was Polish.\n\nBRUN: Polish, from my city.\n\nLEVIN: And there was, one of the ancestors was active Zion-, in the Zionist movement. Bef-, earlier, early Zionism. Maybe the same family, maybe not.\n\nBRUN: Could be.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/40305/file/111970#t=2373.0,2403.0"},{"id":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/40305/file/111970/transcript/39171/annotation/285","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"SEROTA: Did Gotschall show you his music? Jacob Gotschall?\n\nBRUN: Yes, he gave me, he dedicated Wunder (?) Sav, from the famous (inaudible).\n\nSEROTA: Right.\n\nBRUN: (Sings) It’s written in D-minor.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/40305/file/111970#t=2403.0,2457.0"},{"id":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/40305/file/111970/transcript/39171/annotation/286","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"This is the beginning, and then the schmaltz comes in with (inaudible). You never heard it?\n\nSEROTA: No. This is Gotschall?\n\nBRUN: This is Jacob Gotschall, the composition.\n\nSEROTA: You sang it on concerts?\n\nBRUN: Yes.\n\nSEROTA: Did you sing any of his other compositions?\n\nBRUN: No. This is the only composition, this was in style at that time.\n\nLEVIN: In Europe or in America?\n\nBRUN: In Europe.\n\nLEVIN: And you have, do you have the music from it?\n\nBRUN: No.\n\nLEVIN: No music, nothing.\n\nBRUN: No.\n\nLEVIN: Is it written anywhere?\n\nSEROTA: It’s a printed composition.\n\nLEVIN: Oh, the Gotschall?\n\nSEROTA: It’s printed, it’s printed. In fact, various hazzanim who came from Hungary used to sing this number.\n\nBRUN: This was in style then.\n\nSEROTA: There was a Hazzan Glickstein.\n\nBRUN: Yes, Glickstein.\n\nSEROTA: He came, he was at Mishkan Tefila in Boston, and he brought it with him and he used to sing it.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/40305/file/111970#t=2457.0,2497.0"},{"id":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/40305/file/111970/transcript/39171/annotation/287","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BRUN: This was the style. A hazzan who couldn’t produce this, Gotschall’s… was not in style. At that time.\n\nLEVIN: Now, you went back to, did you go back to Lodz eventually?\n\nBRUN: When I, I was… I want to finish up with Budapest.\n\nLEVIN: Oh, yeah.\n\nBRUN: I davenned in Budapest the shul where Gotschall was the hazzan, davenned the Shabbes, they paid me.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/40305/file/111970#t=2497.0,2522.0"},{"id":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/40305/file/111970/transcript/39171/annotation/288","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"But all of a sudden, I got, I was approached by a man from my city who was the head of a big textile factory in Budapest. And he knew — at that time, was the style of somebody young with a future to make a career, he immediately got the sponsors. And a man came over to me and he told me, “I’m from Lodz. I have a business here, I have a factory, a textile factory. If you need some help, I will try to help you.” And he told me that, “I could put you on, on the radio for a song, for two songs. No hazzanas.”","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/40305/file/111970#t=2522.0,2564.0"},{"id":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/40305/file/111970/transcript/39171/annotation/289","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And I sang over the radio, the first time a Jewish boy, not a… and a foreigner, sang over the radio in Budapest. And I was very proud. And he took charge of me; he gave me some money, and I stayed a few weeks.\n\nAnd the hazzanim from the different synagogues, they made a reception. There was a famous coffee house in Budapest, Andrashutz Coffee House. And they made a reception for this young boy, with all kind of coffee they gave me — it was unusual, especially you know, in Hungary — an East European Jewish boy was not too well accepted.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/40305/file/111970#t=2564.0,2616.0"},{"id":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/40305/file/111970/transcript/39171/annotation/290","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"SEROTA: Do you speak Hungarian?\n\nBRUN: A few words.\n\nLEVIN: Well, what kind of things did you sing on the radio in Hungary?\n\nBRUN: I sang Fedora (sings) I mean, not with this voice.\n\nLEVIN: Nothing Jewish.\n\nBRUN: No.\n\nLEVIN: But Yiddish, or something.\n\nBRUN: No.\n\nLEVIN: Nothing at all.\n\nSEROTA: Anything in Hungarian?\n\nBRUN: No, no, I didn’t think of it. I know what this (INAUDIBLE).\n\nLEVIN: (?).","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/40305/file/111970#t=2616.0,2648.0"},{"id":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/40305/file/111970/transcript/39171/annotation/291","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"LEVIN: But you eventually got back to Lodz.\n\nBRUN: One on a…\n\nLEVIN: Yeah. Tell me all the…\n\nBRUN: I was invited for an evening by a Hazzan Tashlitsky. You heard the name?\n\nLEVIN: Yes.\n\nBRUN: He was a shochet. His brother was a hazzan in London. And the hazzanim came over at eight o’clock in the evening, and we stayed the whole, almost till five o’clock in the morning, singing anything — this Tashlitsky was a shochet.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/40305/file/111970#t=2648.0,2685.0"},{"id":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/40305/file/111970/transcript/39171/annotation/292","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And I will never forget that night and that evening, what I spent with Hazzan Tashlitsky — was very, very warm, haimish. Then I left Budapest.\n\nLEVIN: And you went directly to Lodz?\n\nBRUN: No. On the plane, on the international train — this was supposed to take me to Lodz or a city near Lodz. This was the express train — Vienna, Pressburg, Vienna, Prague, Warsaw — this was the….","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/40305/file/111970#t=2685.0,2730.0"},{"id":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/40305/file/111970/transcript/39171/annotation/293","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And I took the train, and before the, before the border, the gendarmerie, or the police, told me that I don’t have the necessary papers to let me through. It was at night, and the trains were running only once a day. Once in 24 hours. So I was very desperate.\n\nAnd I, plainly, I was crying, “My mother is dying.” My mother was in hospital. And I was asking them, “You must have a new passport, a stamp from the police, yet you didn’t commit any crime while in Hungary.” Who could help me?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/40305/file/111970#t=2730.0,2775.0"},{"id":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/40305/file/111970/transcript/39171/annotation/294","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So they told me I shall walk a half an hour, on this, it was like a highway, and when you will see a house lit with light on, go in it — over there lives a rabbi. He spoke a broken German. And I went. And I saw a tall, Jewish man with a long beard — couldn’t speak English, couldn’t speak German, English, I didn’t speak either.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/40305/file/111970#t=2775.0,2808.0"},{"id":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/40305/file/111970/transcript/39171/annotation/295","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And I, and without any language, I told him that I am in desperation of help, I need help, the police wouldn’t let me out, my mother’s, is mortally ill, and I only have a limited chance to go home and to see her.\n\nAnd he told me to wait, his daughters will come from work, or from wherever they were. And they were friends, the daughters were friends with the police. And they took me along to the police, and I had to pay a certain amount of money for stamps, and he put the stamps on, on my passport.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/40305/file/111970#t=2808.0,2860.0"},{"id":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/40305/file/111970/transcript/39171/annotation/296","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And, “You are free to go.” And I went back home.\n\nLEVIN: And then what happened in Lodz? You, you…\n\nBRUN: Then, when I came to Lodz, I went right away to, the following morning — I came at night, I couldn’t do anything. I went right away to the hospital to see my mother olav hasholem. And she got up and she was sitting and crying that she was, she had this husse, the merit of seeing her beloved Avrameleh — I was the youngest alive. And we had a reunion which lasted only 24 hours. The following day, she died.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/40305/file/111970#t=2860.0,2895.0"},{"id":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/40305/file/111970/transcript/39171/annotation/297","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And then it started — my, my career as a traveling hazzan. I started to travel. I had the posters ready, and whichever city I arrived, I had the shammes of wherever it took place, took charge. I just had to fill in Hazzan Avraham Brun, the (INAUDIBLE) hazzan, will daven a ma’ariv, and give a concert, this and this date. In hundreds and hundreds of cities and small towns, which this by itself is a story for itself.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/40305/file/111970#t=2895.0,2935.0"},{"id":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/40305/file/111970/transcript/39171/annotation/298","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"LEVIN: Well, I want to ask you about that. You traveled with a choir?\n\nBRUN: No.\n\nLEVIN: All by yourself.\n\nBRUN: All my myself.\n\nLEVIN: And what did you do when you came to a… in the first place, how did you find, how did you get engagements to sing in a certain town?\n\nBRUN: When I came into a town, I went first to the shul to the mincha ma’ariv. And I introduced myself, I told them plain, I would like to daven a ma’ariv and give a concert. A concert consists of hazzanas and a few Yiddish songs. This was the style at that time.\n\nLEVIN: So you did it on your own? You went…","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/40305/file/111970#t=2935.0,2966.0"},{"id":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/40305/file/111970/transcript/39171/annotation/299","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BRUN: On my own, there was no…. One day, I was in a city, Lido — you heard of a city, this in the…\n\nLEVIN: I heard of Lido Beach.\n\nBRUN: No, no. I was told, “If you don’t hire this particular man to advertise you, you will not have an audience. You will not have for whom to sing.” So I hired a man, I made up, I wrote a contract with him that whatever money I will be making for this concert — you know, it was not printed tickets, it was, it was a man was standing at the door, and charging each and every one who walked into shul a certain amount of money — and for that money, I had to pay the shul 25 percent. In other words, a quarter from that money went to him.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/40305/file/111970#t=2966.0,3022.0"},{"id":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/40305/file/111970/transcript/39171/annotation/300","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And I, and I was single. Finally, I got back close to my home, and I took a job for the High Holidays in a big hall. They had a hall, which a whole year long they had the weddings. I took the job there — I was a High Holiday hazzan. I got well paid.\n\nLEVIN: In Lodz?\n\nBRUN: In Lodz. And I was good-looking, I can say. And I was strong and young, with full of ambition.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/40305/file/111970#t=3022.0,3062.0"},{"id":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/40305/file/111970/transcript/39171/annotation/301","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And I met my first wife, and she was against me being a hazzan. She didn’t like it.\n\nSEROTA: What did she want you to do?\n\nBRUN: She was a rich daughter. Not, not like in America rich, but in Poland rich.\n\nSEROTA: What does that mean, in Poland rich? What did her father do?\n\nBRUN: He had a wholesale glass business. He sold glass for the, for those who put in glasses in the windows.\n\nSEROTA: I see. Did he want to take you, did he want to take you into the business?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/40305/file/111970#t=3062.0,3100.0"},{"id":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/40305/file/111970/transcript/39171/annotation/302","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BRUN: No, but I had a friend, a close friend, closer than a relative, and he was a manufacturer, and he was very successful. In whatever he did, he made money. He was successful. And one day, I told him, “Look. I’m going to get married. And I would like to make parnossa not from hazzanas.”","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/40305/file/111970#t=3100.0,3128.0"},{"id":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/40305/file/111970/transcript/39171/annotation/303","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Because I was tired of traveling around. And to get a job as a hazzan without a wife and children, you couldn’t get, because a hazzan was hired only if he had a family. Are you acquainted with that?\n\nLEVIN: This is, it’s not…\n\nSEROTA: You have it all through history. And the woman wouldn’t marry you unless you had a job. And you couldn’t get a job unless you were married.\n\nBRUN: Not a job, you had to be in business. Over there, it didn’t exist, jobs. What job?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/40305/file/111970#t=3128.0,3155.0"},{"id":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/40305/file/111970/transcript/39171/annotation/304","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"A job was only own a factory, and the goyim were working in factories, or there were people who had a certain, a certain styles — a tailor, other, other…\n\nLEVIN: Trades, other trades.\n\nSEROTA: Trader.\n\nBRUN: I was, I was born a hazzan. I was really born a hazzan.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/40305/file/111970#t=3155.0,3185.0"},{"id":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/40305/file/111970/transcript/39171/annotation/305","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"SEROTA: Did you ever study hazzanas formally, or whatever you learned you learned singing in a choir with hazzanim?\n\nBRUN: Yes. I learned by a hazzan. His name was Alterman. I think his son came to the United States, and he was an accompanist.\n\nLEVIN: You studied formally hazzanas with him, recitatives?\n\nBRUN: Not with the son.\n\nLEVIN: No, with the father.\n\nBRUN: With the father. He was a hazzan with long hair, long hair, and with a top hat on Shabbes. He was a musical man; he taught me solfeggio. He told me how to control and how to make from my talent a cultured and an educated hazzan.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/40305/file/111970#t=3185.0,3234.0"},{"id":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/40305/file/111970/transcript/39171/annotation/306","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"LEVIN: But things like how to improvise, how to sing hazzanas, recitative, whether it’s written or whether it’s improvised. Where did you learn this?\n\nBRUN: I think this, this was born.\n\nLEVIN: You didn’t study it with him?\n\nBRUN: No. I’ll, I’ll explain you something.\n\nWhen I was a young boy, it was during the German occupation in Lodz.\n\nLEVIN: The first war?\n\nBRUN: The first war, World War I. And it was a hunger, it was not food, there was not available. My father had a business. He was manufacturing the shirts and…\n\nLEVIN: Cuffs.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/40305/file/111970#t=3234.0,3275.0"},{"id":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/40305/file/111970/transcript/39171/annotation/307","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BRUN: Cuffs. And collars at that time, he was…\n\nLEVIN: (INAUDIBLE)\n\nBRUN: And the Germans from the first, World War I, they came in, they looked, they requested they put everything together and they told my father, “Now is war — you have nothing,” and my father olav hashalom came home and he said with a Tisha b’Av niggun, “Kinderlech, me venzech layden shluffen in ge gassen.”","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/40305/file/111970#t=3275.0,3307.0"},{"id":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/40305/file/111970/transcript/39171/annotation/308","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And I started to cry. And I started… I was an hour suffer, and I later suffer. And I was kicking with my legs, “I want to have everything, but I want.” And I fell asleep. And I sang in… while I was on the sofa I was singing…(sings)","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/40305/file/111970#t=3307.0,3363.0"},{"id":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/40305/file/111970/transcript/39171/annotation/309","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"This was my original first composition as a boy of eight years old.\n\nAnd I remembered this. I didn’t written it down. I have it in my mind like printed in my memory.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/40305/file/111970#t=3363.0,3377.0"},{"id":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/40305/file/111970/transcript/39171/annotation/310","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"LEVIN: And then, where were you when, when the war happened? When the Germans came to Poland in 1939, where were you?\n\nBRUN: In 1939, I was in Lodz, and I had, the last contact was in Pietekov’s big synagogue, where Rabbi Lowell was the rabbi, or Rabbi Shapiro was the rabbi before.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/40305/file/111970#t=3377.0,3401.0"},{"id":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/40305/file/111970/transcript/39171/annotation/311","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And it was, the hazzan I was succeeding, my predecessor was a hazzan who left for Montevideo. And I got the job for the High Holidays.\n\nBut it’s interesting to know that one day I received a letter from the Commissioner from the Polish government, who was in charge of approving expenses which the shul made. Why was he in charge? Because he was the Yiddishe Kehiller or the Jewish…","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/40305/file/111970#t=3401.0,3447.0"},{"id":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/40305/file/111970/transcript/39171/annotation/312","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"SEROTA: Community.\n\nBRUN: The Jewish community, they had, they supervised the main synagogue. And this letter asked me, “Please be kind enough to report to me in my office in the Jewish Community Center in Pietekov,” signed Vlasov Shereshevsky, from the big millionaires in Poland. An assimilated Jew.\n\nTo make the story short, I came — is it important — you want to know this?\n\nLEVIN: Yes.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/40305/file/111970#t=3447.0,3487.0"},{"id":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/40305/file/111970/transcript/39171/annotation/313","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BRUN: I came up to him, and before I walked into his office, the warders, the tough guys from Pietekov who were saying that, “In case he will make difficulties for you, we will cut him short, we will knock him off his head.” They were the tough guys.\n\nAnd I walked in, and he asked me to sit down. And he had a copy or a — what — a contract what I was given before hiring me.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/40305/file/111970#t=3487.0,3523.0"},{"id":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/40305/file/111970/transcript/39171/annotation/314","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And he asked me, “Why do you deserve so much money for so little work? I own a factory which are employing 1100 people. Nobody makes a whole year what you will get paid here for the few days. Why?”\n\nI told him in a plain, relaxed voice, they had cantors applying for the job and that they officiated and nobody was liked like I was liked.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/40305/file/111970#t=3523.0,3560.0"},{"id":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/40305/file/111970/transcript/39171/annotation/315","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Apparently, this was good for the congregation. They hired me. This was my plain… this was the way I was thinking, and I explained it.\n\nHe didn’t buy it. But finally, he sit and sit and sit and sit, contemplating, he took the pen with anger, with an obvious anger, he signed his name. It was already eight days before, before, eight or ten days before Rosh Hashana. He put his signature on the contract.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/40305/file/111970#t=3560.0,3599.0"},{"id":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/40305/file/111970/transcript/39171/annotation/316","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"LEVIN: This was in 1939?\n\nBRUN: This was in 1938.\n\nLEVIN: Eight, a year before. The last… yeah.\n\nBRUN: In 1939, it was no services.\n\nLEVIN: Because there was no, they came in September.\n\nBRUN: I davenned in a private room.\n\nLEVIN: Now, what I want to… if this was ‘38, and this was a Jew who was, I mean, assimilated Jew, but he was…\n\nBRUN: Assimilated.\n\nLEVIN: …but he was with the government.\n\nBRUN: He was the Commissioner.\n\nLEVIN: He had a position, a governmental…\n\nBRUN: He wasn’t paid for it, but he was he, he was the con-… Shereshevsky from tobacco, one of the biggest millionaires.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/40305/file/111970#t=3599.0,3632.0"},{"id":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/40305/file/111970/transcript/39171/annotation/317","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"LEVIN: And for example, a little thing, your contract. You say you had a written contract with the synagogue.\n\nBRUN: A written contract with the…\n\nLEVIN: What language is in? In Yiddish?\n\nBRUN: Polish.\n\nLEVIN: Between you and the synagogue?\n\nBRUN: Yeah. It was an official document.\n\nLEVIN: Yeah, but I would have thought it was in Yiddish because it’s a…\n\nBRUN: Polish. Because the gemineh, it was like a government…\n\nLEVIN: I see. And it had the… all right. Now, what happened — in 1939, of course, the…\n\nBRUN: 1939…\n\nLEVIN: …the invasion was before the High Holidays, wasn’t it?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/40305/file/111970#t=3632.0,3663.0"},{"id":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/40305/file/111970/transcript/39171/annotation/318","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BRUN: Yes. And I had a contract to daven again in Pietekov. It was voided, nothing.\n\nLEVIN: What was the, did you remember in, from 19-, in that year before, before the German army invaded Poland, so in other words, from, from the time of the last holidays that you did in 1938, you were in Lodz the whole year after that.\n\nBRUN: Yes.\n\nLEVIN: What was the feeling? I mean, did anyone expect an invasion?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/40305/file/111970#t=3663.0,3698.0"},{"id":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/40305/file/111970/transcript/39171/annotation/319","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BRUN: No. We didn’t anticipate it at all. But I was, I have… did you see the picture from my only son?\n\nLEVIN: Yes.\n\nBRUN: Yes. This was taken 1939, while I was living with my family at that time, in a dacha, which means a summer place where I spent the summer with my family. It was in a forest, it was a forest, and across the street, four bungalows. And the people rented out the bungalows, and I was renting a bungalow for the summer.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/40305/file/111970#t=3698.0,3735.0"},{"id":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/40305/file/111970/transcript/39171/annotation/320","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"All of a sudden, I heard that Polish army is marching, it’s going to be a war. I took everything what I possessed, I hired a peasant, a Polish peasant, to drive me with the horse wagon to Lodz, and on the way, we saw the Polish military marching, and the war was already — this was September 1939. No, this was August. And the war started September the 1st 1939.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/40305/file/111970#t=3735.0,3778.0"},{"id":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/40305/file/111970/transcript/39171/annotation/321","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And when the war started, I felt it beneath nissim min hashamayim to survive. Because the Germans, six days later — or seven days, to be correct — the German army marched in and I walked, and I was very anxious to see how the German troops are marching in, in the main street of Lodz. And I saw the mechanized German army sitting strong with machine guns, and with their equipment and bosses, not marching like the Polish soldiers. And they marched through.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/40305/file/111970#t=3778.0,3830.0"},{"id":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/40305/file/111970/transcript/39171/annotation/322","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And then it started, the, they were running after Jews, to catch the Jews. And I went to my regular coffee house, and to meet other people who were trapped in Lodz. And I came in, I saw Jewish people — writers, important business people and others — sitting like usually in there in the coffee house and sipping coffee. I sat down and I wanted to order a cup of coffee. A man came over and put his arm on my shoulders and said, “What are you doing? You’re putting in your head in the lion’s mouth. Any minute they will take out the Jews.”","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/40305/file/111970#t=3830.0,3881.0"},{"id":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/40305/file/111970/transcript/39171/annotation/323","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I said, I was running out from the coffee house, and I avoided… the following days, I found out that the Germans, the, the soldiers rounded up the Jews, and they took them out to a forest near Lodz, and they killed them like nothing.\n\nLEVIN: In the years before — let’s say, ‘37, ’38 — was there any conversation or talk in Lodz about what was happening in Germany to Jews? Or were…\n\nBRUN: We read the papers.\n\nLEVIN: That’s it. And what did the papers say? Did they tell…","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/40305/file/111970#t=3881.0,3915.0"},{"id":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/40305/file/111970/transcript/39171/annotation/324","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BRUN: The papers, according to the papers at that time, we realized that the Germans will take over the government — it was already the, Hitler was already in power. But the predictions and our feelings were not good. We read in the papers, I read — fortunately, I understood German, and I read the Polish press. I was a very ardent reader of newspapers. I read every day the German newspaper, the Polish newspapers and the Yiddish newspapers. And I had, I had a feeling what’s going on.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/40305/file/111970#t=3915.0,3954.0"},{"id":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/40305/file/111970/transcript/39171/annotation/325","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"LEVIN: But the people in Lodz didn’t think it would come to them?\n\nBRUN: No. I had an acquaintance — a German, a Volksdeutsche — which meant he was a, he was born in Lodz, but he was a German. And I was very close with him. And I, one day I walked into his office, and I asked him, “What’s going to happen to the Jews?” He told me, “Pick yourself up and go as far as could be.”","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/40305/file/111970#t=3954.0,3989.0"},{"id":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/40305/file/111970/transcript/39171/annotation/326","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"LEVIN: Did you ever think of going to America?\n\nBRUN: No. I hadn’t, I had no, no, no friends, no, and no relatives in America.\n\nLEVIN: Or Palestine?\n\nBRUN: There was no, there was no way of getting a certificate. At that time it was… later on, they got a thousand certificates. And this was controlled by the, by the Jewish Organization. They gave all of the certificates to party people.\n\nLEVIN: But that’s later.\n\nBRUN: This was later.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/40305/file/111970#t=3989.0,4019.0"},{"id":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/40305/file/111970/transcript/39171/annotation/327","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"LEVIN: In, in Lodz before the war, again going back to whatever, before, before the Nazis ever came there. When it was a free Polish government. Would you say, in Lodz, that the Jews lived freely as Jews? I mean, or…\n\nBRUN: No, not whatsoever. There was anti-Semitism indescribable.\n\nLEVIN: All the time?\n\nBRUN: All the time.\n\nLEVIN: How did it affect, let’s say, your life, the people you knew, in, before Hitler?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/40305/file/111970#t=4019.0,4050.0"},{"id":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/40305/file/111970/transcript/39171/annotation/328","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BRUN: We got so used to the stone-throwing from the Poles and to anti-Semitic insults like, “Gegee to Palestini!” or “Jews to Palestine!” It was a… not counting the physical acts from them. And we got used to it. Like boys who getting used to different games. It was difficult, but we lived.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/40305/file/111970#t=4050.0,4081.0"},{"id":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/40305/file/111970/transcript/39171/annotation/329","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"If Poland had a popula-, a Jewish population consisting of 10% of the population, three and half million Jews lived there. And we lived there almost a thousand years.\n\nLEVIN: But I think in Lodz, weren’t Jews one-third the population in Lodz?\n\nBRUN: Yes. You’re right. You’re right — it’s one-third of the Jewish population, it was… the population was 300-, 750,000. And a quarter of that was the Jewish population.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/40305/file/111970#t=4081.0,4122.0"},{"id":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/40305/file/111970/transcript/39171/annotation/330","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"LEVIN: There was no ghetto, was there, until, until…\n\nBRUN: No, no ghetto.\n\nLEVIN: …the Germans.\n\nBRUN: The ghetto started in 1940. It was obligatory. 19-, the end of 1939, it was… people were ordered to move into the Jewish ghetto, which was the poorest section of the city of Lodz before the ghetto. And I remember, I took, I rented a horse wagon, a wagon with a horse, and I put whatever I could on this wagon.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/40305/file/111970#t=4122.0,4165.0"},{"id":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/40305/file/111970/transcript/39171/annotation/331","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And when I… and I was stopped by a German, a Volksdeutsche — Volksdeutsche meant somebody was born in Poland, but he was a German. Where I’m going, he asked me. I told him, “I’m going to, you read that there’s an order to move to the ghetto.” He told me that, “Don’t, don’t stop no place. If I will see you again, I will give you” — he took out his revolver — “I’ll give you this in your head.”","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/40305/file/111970#t=4165.0,4197.0"},{"id":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/40305/file/111970/transcript/39171/annotation/332","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And I continued with my little bit what I saved from my home, and I went to the ghetto.\n\nAnd the ghetto started hell.\n\nLEVIN: You lived in the ghetto for how many years, until you…\n\nBRUN: From 1940 until 1944, when I was sent to the, to Auschwitz.\n\nLEVIN: You continued to function as a hazzan in the ghetto?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/40305/file/111970#t=4197.0,4232.0"},{"id":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/40305/file/111970/transcript/39171/annotation/333","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BRUN: Of course. Didn’t you see in the, I think I brought…\n\nLEVIN: No. Tell, how did that… tell me about that.\n\nBRUN: There was a, there was a kitchen. It was named in German or in Yiddish, de intellegenten kuch. It was (INAUDIBLE), and over there, they had services for the High Holidays, and I was hired to be the hazzan.\n\nIn 19-… who was my choir leader? My choir leader was…\n\nMRS. BRUN: Shloimey Geese.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/40305/file/111970#t=4232.0,4270.0"},{"id":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/40305/file/111970/transcript/39171/annotation/334","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BRUN: Shloimey Geese. He was my choir leader, and we sang the nice compositions, and he had a wonderful choir. I was young; he was young.\n\nLEVIN: Where did you get music in the midst of a…\n\nBRUN: He had.\n\nLEVIN: He had music?\n\nBRUN: He had music. We, we sang Sulzer’s Ein Kamocha. (Sings)\n\nSEROTA: You didn’t sing with children? Just men, just men.\n\nBRUN: No. He had 24 men.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/40305/file/111970#t=4270.0,4305.0"},{"id":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/40305/file/111970/transcript/39171/annotation/335","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"LEVIN: All men.\n\nBRUN: All men, the nicest voices.\n\nLEVIN: But no children. No boys.\n\nBRUN: No. No.\n\nLEVIN: So you see, that’s the question there again, that’s the old question. With what, where did they get the TTBB arrangements? These were male choir arrangements, but Sulzer was for children, so who made…\n\nBRUN: They sang, they sang, they sang the part of altos and they sang the part of sopranos.\n\nLEVIN: And they just adjusted it?\n\nMRS. BRUN: Yes, of course.\n\nLEVIN: They didn’t rewrite it? He didn’t…\n\nBRUN: I don’t think so. I don’t think so, but it was a perfect harmony, it was perfect. And the voices were excellent.\n\nLEVIN: And there were, there were synagogues functioning then, throughout in the ghetto?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/40305/file/111970#t=4305.0,4344.0"},{"id":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/40305/file/111970/transcript/39171/annotation/336","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BRUN: No, the synagogues were not allowed. Only those, it was one hazzan was Winograd, he was the former hazzan from the shdut shul. He davenned in a movie house. Raskin davenned in a movie house.\n\nSEROTA: In the ghetto?\n\nBRUN: In the ghetto. We are talking now only about the ghetto.\n\nThere was a hazzan by the name Taffel, who was in Oriakev — he was shot to death by the Germans. He davenned. That’s all.\n\nSEROTA: And you davenned in a hall.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/40305/file/111970#t=4344.0,4378.0"},{"id":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/40305/file/111970/transcript/39171/annotation/337","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BRUN: And that hall was a movie theater before.\n\nSEROTA: And people came?\n\nBRUN: It was only for the intelligentsia.\n\nThen I gave a concert at the same place. And who was my accompanist? Otto Reider. He was an assimilated Jew, but he was the official accompanist in the Philharmonic in Lodz.\n\nLEVIN: What did you sing in the concert?\n\nBRUN: I sang Yiddish, Polish, hazzanas, and then, when I changed the place, when I was invited by the Jewish Control — you don’t have anything here?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/40305/file/111970#t=4378.0,4420.0"},{"id":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/40305/file/111970/transcript/39171/annotation/338","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"SEROTA: I think in the insert that we’ll show later on for your Songs in the Ghettos album, there’s a reproduction of a concert program.\n\nBRUN: Yeah, I found it here in the Yidisher Visnshaftlekher Institut. YIVO.\n\nLEVIN: Right.\n\nBRUN: I found…\n\nLEVIN: When you sang hazzanas on a concert, did you have written arrangements?\n\nBRUN: Not necessarily. You, usually, my accompanist was… what’s his name? The… you remember my accompanist.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/40305/file/111970#t=4420.0,4455.0"},{"id":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/40305/file/111970/transcript/39171/annotation/339","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"LEVIN: Here, or…\n\nBRUN: Here in America.\n\nSEROTA: But I mean, let’s say, in Europe, when you were singing in Lodz, and you sang a concert, or you traveled around, and you gave a concert, and let’s see, you davenned a ma’ariv and you sang some pieces of hazzanas. Did you have written accompaniments with these compositions?\n\nBRUN: I did not have, because they didn’t have an instrument in the shul where I was singing.\n\nLEVIN: I see. So if you sang songs…\n\nBRUN: Yeah.\n\nLEVIN: You just sang them without any accompaniment.\n\nBRUN: I had a few instances where I had accompaniment. It was like in a city, Boronowitz, I had an accompanist, a hazzan, who was very musically, and he had an instrument, but I didn’t have the music for it. So he did it without the music.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/40305/file/111970#t=4455.0,4501.0"},{"id":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/40305/file/111970/transcript/39171/annotation/340","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"LEVIN: Gilder. All right. Who was the hazzan in Boronovich?\n\nBRUN: Rabinowitz. RabInovich. He had a factory from salami, and he was a hazzan.\n\nLEVIN: Okay. Now, when there came a time in Lodz, in the ghetto, when somebody insisted that you eat, even on Yom Kippur. What does, how did that come about?\n\nBRUN: I was working… in 1943, I was working in a factory in the ghetto, pressing military pants, military uniforms…\n\nLEVIN: For the…\n\nBRUN: For the Germans, for the Germans.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/40305/file/111970#t=4501.0,4544.0"},{"id":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/40305/file/111970/transcript/39171/annotation/341","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"All of a sudden, the door opens. We were standing four men by big tables, and ironing what the tailors did, and we, we were supposed to iron it. And a man came over and introduced himself, he’s captain from the police. And he has an order to give me this instruction: “De altesteffen de Juden” — his name was Rumkovsky, I don’t know if you heard the name. He was the leader of the Jews in the ghetto, gave an order, I should put away my labor, my work, I should go home, and wash myself, put the nicest clothing and come to the jail.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/40305/file/111970#t=4544.0,4590.0"},{"id":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/40305/file/111970/transcript/39171/annotation/342","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Jail meant that in 1943 we were not to have any more public service, but only in the jail where it was conducted by Jewish people. And I went home, I washed myself, I put my nicest clothes that I had, and I went to daven. And I davenned the first night of Rosh Hashanah. And the commandant from the jail, a Jew, his name was Kohl — K-o-h-l — and he told me, “What will you do tomorrow?”","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/40305/file/111970#t=4590.0,4627.0"},{"id":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/40305/file/111970/transcript/39171/annotation/343","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"He asked me a question. So I told him, “I want to tell you in advance, I’m not eating on Yom Kippur.” “You will not survive,” he argued. “But I never ate on Yom Kippur,” I said. “But you will not survive, what will do you good if you will not survive?” “Leave it to me. I have a God in heaven; he will help me.” He didn’t accept my explanation.\n\nThe following morning, I came again to the jail, I put my tallis, my cap — I didn’t have a robe — and I started to daven mussaf.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/40305/file/111970#t=4627.0,4671.0"},{"id":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/40305/file/111970/transcript/39171/annotation/344","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And again, the same story. The night before I started mussaf, “You will not survive.”\n\nAnd I had to be very, very nice to him or he could put me in the jail for any bad word. So I go, I went through the services with the whole thing without water, with (INAUDIBLE), everything. And after, after the Yom Kippur services with the Neilah were over, he came over, he gave me a piece of paper — this is a talon, a talon was a certificate for a certain amount of potatoes and a certain amount of flour, a certain amount of sugar, a certain amount of bread.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/40305/file/111970#t=4671.0,4723.0"},{"id":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/40305/file/111970/transcript/39171/annotation/345","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And he brought me his bread, what he got — everyone has to get a portion bread. He gave me — “This is going to be for your kiddush, or for your blessing, thanking God.” And I accepted it, I thanked him very much, and I went, I went home.\n\nYeah, and they gave the soups. Guess what the soups were for Yom Kippur? A cholent.\n\nLEVIN: Shabbat shabbaton.\n\nBRUN: Cholent.\n\nSEROTA: Was that the last time that you davenned in Lodz?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/40305/file/111970#t=4723.0,4757.0"},{"id":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/40305/file/111970/transcript/39171/annotation/346","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BRUN: That’s the last time, the last time I davenned in Lodz. But then, it was that year was in a concert, I sang in a… it was in the metalresort — this was a factory where they manufactured metal things for the German army. And I was told if I will sing there, I will get food and I will be privileged not to be arrested and to go, and to go to Auschwitz early. That time they sent away already to Auschwitz. And I gave a concert, with a mandolin orchestra accompanying me.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/40305/file/111970#t=4757.0,4805.0"},{"id":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/40305/file/111970/transcript/39171/annotation/347","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"LEVIN: Let me just… this concert was in…\n\nBRUN: In the ghetto, in a factory.\n\nLEVIN: In a factory.\n\nBRUN: Which was very, very needed by the Germans, because it was a metalresort.\n\nLEVIN: But the people listening to the concert were Jews?\n\nBRUN: All Jews.\n\nLEVIN: All Jews, yeah.\n\nBRUN: All Jewish. And then I…","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/40305/file/111970#t=4805.0,4826.0"},{"id":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/40305/file/111970/transcript/39171/annotation/348","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"LEVIN: And you sang there, and as a result of that, you got some favors…\n\nBRUN: No privileges whatsoever.\n\nLEVIN: …nothing.\n\nBRUN: Not whatsoever.\n\nLEVIN: And then eventually, what happened to you and your family?\n\nBRUN: Eventually, it was, it was announced that all the Jews who were working in this and this resort or this and this factory should, should submit themself to the Auselunk, which means to… they called it Auselunk because we were supposed to go from one place, living in one place, to another place to work for the Germans.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/40305/file/111970#t=4826.0,4866.0"},{"id":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/40305/file/111970/transcript/39171/annotation/349","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"But it was not true — it was Auschwitz was the destination. And I went and on the way, I stopped. I went by train, by electric train, and I walked out from the electric wagons, whom do I see? Rumkovsky, the elster from the Juden. He was the king, king of the ghetto. And I greeted him. And he gave me a box of conserved food — that’s all you have. And I asked him where we are going. I asked him.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/40305/file/111970#t=4866.0,4910.0"},{"id":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/40305/file/111970/transcript/39171/annotation/350","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So he told me to quiet me down, to make myself feel good, “You’re going to work for the Germans in a different place; you have nothing what to worry.” Can you imagine? He knew, but he shared the same thing like all the Jews.\n\nLEVIN: He went with you?\n\nBRUN: Not with the same transport. I was leaving, my transport was August the 20th in 1944. And he had a week, or two weeks later, he was… maybe a week. I was told they killed him.\n\nMRS. BRUN: The Jews killed him.\n\nBRUN: The Jews?\n\nLEVIN: Yes.\n\nMRS. BRUN: Of course.\n\nLEVIN: Where?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/40305/file/111970#t=4910.0,4953.0"},{"id":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/40305/file/111970/transcript/39171/annotation/351","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BRUN: In Auschwitz. First, the Germans showed him where his people went. They showed him the gas chambers and everything. And after that, the Jews, the Jewish kapos killed him. By hand. That’s what I was told — I didn’t see it.\n\nLEVIN: And you were in this transport with your family?\n\nBRUN: But, yes, I just showed you — my former wife with my child.\n\nLEVIN: And you survived Auschwitz by yourself?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/40305/file/111970#t=4953.0,4992.0"},{"id":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/40305/file/111970/transcript/39171/annotation/352","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BRUN: No — with my family I arrived in Auschwitz in the morning after 20 hours of, in a cattle wagon. And when I passed by a village, a Polish village, and I was lifting myself up by the hands to look out, the Poles showed me that “This, this is going to happen to you.”","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/40305/file/111970#t=4992.0,5021.0"},{"id":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/40305/file/111970/transcript/39171/annotation/353","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"When we arrived in the morning in Auschwitz, we all were given orders — “Do what you are being told.” And I walked out with my family, and I was wearing a winter coat on top of another winter coat, because I was afraid, maybe to be cold.\n\nAnd my family near me, and then was an order — “Woman and children separate.” And I stuck to my son; I didn’t want to give him away to my wife. My wife came over, my first wife came over, and she grabbed him, and she went to the other side where the women and children stand, stood.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/40305/file/111970#t=5021.0,5068.0"},{"id":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/40305/file/111970/transcript/39171/annotation/354","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And when I walked, there was a famous… Dr. Mengele — he’s the one, he directed where to go. And when I came to him, I didn’t know who he was. But he asked me, “Howen zince? Beal zince dere?” I told him, “Ochten frenzic.” He showed me this way. I didn’t know what this meant — if it’s good, if it’s bad — so I went.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/40305/file/111970#t=5068.0,5104.0"},{"id":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/40305/file/111970/transcript/39171/annotation/355","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I went right away to the anti-lousing center. They took away everything I had that — a golden Cima watch, you remember the Cima watch? Cima — C-i-m-a. And I was contemplating what to do with the watch — to hide it, not to hide it. I took the watch, the floors were batten, and I threw it once, and I wanted to make sure that nobody will pick it up, and I picked it up myself and I threw it again.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/40305/file/111970#t=5104.0,5145.0"},{"id":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/40305/file/111970/transcript/39171/annotation/356","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It was splittering around, and I stood in the line to get into the shower room. In the shower room I was fortunate that the shower was water. A week before or two weeks ago it was gas. But we didn’t know that.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/40305/file/111970#t=5145.0,5169.0"},{"id":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/40305/file/111970/transcript/39171/annotation/357","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"SEROTA: This was your father’s youngest brother? And you said…\n\nBRUN: Yes, David Brun, yes.\n\nSEROTA: He was a hazzan?\n\nBRUN: He was a hazzan in London, but he left for London before I was born.\n\nSEROTA: I see. Isn’t it a little unusual that your father was a Gerrer Hassid and he had such objections…\n\nBRUN: He had, I was told that he had a beautiful voice.\n\nLEVIN: Yeah.\n\nBRUN: And he was a Talmud chochem, but he couldn’t make a living. So he went to London, he got a job as a hazzan.\n\nSEROTA: I see.\n\nMRS. BRUN: (INAUDIBLE)","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/40305/file/111970#t=5169.0,5195.0"},{"id":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/40305/file/111970/transcript/39171/annotation/358","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"SEROTA: Okay. These are photos of you, I guess, taken after liberation.\n\nMRS. BRUN: Yes.\n\nBRUN: Yeah.\n\nSEROTA: Right. Where was this picture taken?\n\nBRUN: This picture was taken in Naples.\n\nSEROTA: Yeah. What were you doing in Naples?\n\nBRUN: I was living there for a year.\n\nSEROTA: Yeah? What did you do there?\n\nBRUN: I was conducting services in the military club, gathered by Americans, British, all the Allied soldiers.\n\nSEROTA: Yeah.\n\nBRUN: I conducted services Friday night…","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/40305/file/111970#t=5195.0,5223.0"},{"id":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/40305/file/111970/transcript/39171/annotation/359","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"SEORTA: Okay. And what was…\n\nBRUN: I made many friends.\n\nSEROTA: What is this picture?\n\nBRUN: This picture, this is the elite from those who intermarried in… and he was a captain, he was a captain in the Russian army.\n\nSEROTA: Mmmm.\n\nBRUN: Which… and who was shot down, his airplane was shot down by the Allies, and he was recuperating in a hospital in Naples.\n\nSEROTA: This is also from that same time period?\n\nBRUN: This is same — Italy, yes.\n\nSEROTA: Yeah. Okay. Now, after you were in Italy, you then went to Israel, am I correct?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/40305/file/111970#t=5223.0,5255.0"},{"id":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/40305/file/111970/transcript/39171/annotation/360","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BRUN: Yes.\n\nSEROTA: Okay, we have a number of pictures that were taken in Israel from that time period when you were the hazzan in Haifa.\n\nBRUN: Yeah. This is with, uh, Hazzan Lind.\n\nSEROTA: Can you tell us about Hazzan Lind? Who was he?\n\nBRUN: The Chief Hazzan in Tel Aviv.\n\nSEROTA: He was a friend of yours?\n\nBRUN: Of course! I was spending all my days there.\n\nSEROTA: What kind of hazzan was he?\n\nBRUN: In the top hazzanim.\n\nSEROTA: Yeah?\n\nMRS. BRUN: And then he was in…\n\nBRUN: Top hazzan, 100% a hazzan.\n\nSEROTA: Was he a musical fellow?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/40305/file/111970#t=5255.0,5282.0"},{"id":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/40305/file/111970/transcript/39171/annotation/361","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BRUN: Yes. I don’t know, but he was also good in improvisations.\n\nSEROTA: They said he was a very good improviser, but sometimes he improvised and nothing happened.\n\nBRUN: As far as collection of, I cannot tell you what his collections were, as far as music…\n\nSEROTA: You heard Cantor Lind daven?\n\nBRUN: I think I heard him once daven.\n\nSEROTA: How would you compare him to the other hazzanim that we spoke about before?\n\nBRUN: He was a top improviser, and a good singer. He didn’t have any music — when he started to say something, he said it. They have a Yiddish word, it’s staigreif.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/40305/file/111970#t=5282.0,5321.0"},{"id":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/40305/file/111970/transcript/39171/annotation/362","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"SEROTA: What does that mean?\n\nBRUN: While he was looking at the music, he set his own, he sets his music by himself.\n\nSEROTA: Here is a picture… that’s another… okay? Like this? Okay? All right? Take a look at this for a second.\n\nBRUN: This was Pinchik and myself.\n\nSEROTA: Okay.\n\nBRUN: In Tel Aviv.\n\nSEROTA: What can you tell us about Pinchik?\n\nBRUN: Pinchik had a sister, she belonged to my shul in Haifa.\n\nSEROTA: Yeah.\n\nBRUN: One day, he came to Haifa, and he announced that he is going to daven — not he announced, but people announced, they were close to him — that he’s going to daven a Shabbes. And I went Shabbes to listen to him. The, it was in a, in a big hall. And when he started to daven, people were so excited that they couldn’t believe that Pinchik is going to daven personally for them. He took my tallis, he took my cap, and my…","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/40305/file/111970#t=5321.0,5382.0"},{"id":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/40305/file/111970/transcript/39171/annotation/363","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"MRS. BRUN: Robe.\n\nBRUN: My robe. And I went to listen to him. Especially in the morning. And now — but Friday night, he said bo-e v’sholom — when he started to say a hazzanishe… (Yiddish). And it was nice hazzanas. All of a sudden, (sings) …like a ba’al tefila. And people started to laugh.\n\nHe played around with people. It was in the form like a joke. Then he said the Roza de Shabbes. The following morning…","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/40305/file/111970#t=5382.0,5427.0"},{"id":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/40305/file/111970/transcript/39171/annotation/364","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"SEROTA: Was the Roza de Shabbes like the record?\n\nBRUN: No, the record was better.\n\nSEROTA: Was it different? A different composition?\n\nBRUN: No, it’s, the, well, he was not copying the record. But he was very good.\n\nSEROTA: How did the voice sound?\n\nBRUN: Very sweet, sweet voice. But Saturday morning, I observed a very interesting anecdote.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/40305/file/111970#t=5427.0,5453.0"},{"id":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/40305/file/111970/transcript/39171/annotation/365","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"He said, when it came to the kiddushe, he started to say mimkomkha malkeinu tsophia, and all of a sudden he stopped. And when people were wondering, “What is he stopping for? There is no stop, does he have to continue.” He said, like a joke, (sings). Then was a… but he likes to make jokes when the davenning.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/40305/file/111970#t=5453.0,5500.0"},{"id":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/40305/file/111970/transcript/39171/annotation/366","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"SEROTA: What was the reaction of the people to this?\n\nBRUN: They had a good time. They had a good time. He was not, you know, he was not a religious man.\n\nSEROTA: Was that apparent when you heard him davenning?\n\nBRUN: Not necessarily. Not necessarily. But, but people who were religious, they looked at him like a, like a comedian.\n\nSEROTA: Was there anything, was there anything inspiring about the way he davenned?\n\nBRUN: Yes. Especially those numbers which were recorded, like the Shabbes, like other parts of the davenning where he davenned. But he’s… when he sang it, it was very impressive. I liked it very much.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/40305/file/111970#t=5500.0,5542.0"},{"id":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/40305/file/111970/transcript/39171/annotation/367","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I heard one, one comment, a Jew was behind me, sitting behind me, he was telling me, one said, (Yiddish) You want me to translate you? “A hazzan like Pinchik is getting, is being born only once in 500 years.” Another Jew told him, “It’s not true. ‘Cause he shouldn’t have get born at all. We could get along without him.”","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/40305/file/111970#t=5542.0,5576.0"},{"id":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/40305/file/111970/transcript/39171/annotation/368","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"SEROTA: What was there about Pinchik that was unique?\n\nBRUN: He had a sweet voice. And he, and he had the right approach to a certain tfillis. I liked him very much.\n\nI’m not going to go in into details, ‘cause you need a whole article about it. And to make mention of everything specially what you like, but I personally, I liked him very much. I was very friendly with him.\n\nSEROTA: Did you ever discuss with him hazzanas, and discuss with him the details of what he did?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/40305/file/111970#t=5576.0,5613.0"},{"id":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/40305/file/111970/transcript/39171/annotation/369","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BRUN: I’ll tell you how our relationship got developed. After davenning Saturday morning, I went over to him and I congratulated him. And I asked him, “What are you doing after Shabbes?” He said, “I’m going to Tel Aviv, what is, in Haifa is nothing to do.”\n\nSo, “Can I go along with you?” And before I finished the sentence, I said, “But with one condition — you are not going to pay for me,” — because I heard rumors that he doesn’t like hazzanim because they want right away he should pay for them.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/40305/file/111970#t=5613.0,5649.0"},{"id":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/40305/file/111970/transcript/39171/annotation/370","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And I mentioned to him, literally and bluntly, “I’m going with you to Tel Aviv only with one condition — I pay for mine, you pay for yours.” And this attracted him, and we became friends, so-called. In Tel Aviv, he made several pictures near the, near the beach, and we spent a lot, a lot of time talking and talking about hazzanim and hazzanas. And he was an interesting fellow. He told me that his profession was a pianist in a nightclub in Moscow.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/40305/file/111970#t=5649.0,5686.0"},{"id":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/40305/file/111970/transcript/39171/annotation/371","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"SEROTA: Yeah?\n\nBRUN: He told me that he was a, not only a pianist in a nightclub, but he was a very, very far from the traditional hazzanim. He liked his own style. And he did, he did do what he wanted.\n\nLEVIN: Uh, here’s another picture that we have here.\n\nSEROTA: Do you want to look at this, Cantor Brun?\n\nBRUN: This is in, this is a reception in Tel Aviv in my honor.\n\nSEROTA: Yeah.\n\nBRUN: And this Lev Glantz next to me, Hazzan Unger the third one.\n\nSEROTA: Mmmmm.\n\nBRUN: Here’s Boruch Shein.\n\nSEROTA: Who is Boruch Shein?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/40305/file/111970#t=5686.0,5728.0"},{"id":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/40305/file/111970/transcript/39171/annotation/372","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BRUN: Boruch Shein was the director of Kol Yisroel for the Department of Hazzanut.\n\nLEVIN: He just passed away in the last…\n\nSEROTA: In the last couple of years.\n\nLEVIN: We haven’t been able to find any information about him yet.\n\nSEROTA: You have to ask the Israeli correspondents. And this, I believe, is a picture of you singing. This is a broadcast? This is a broadcast?\n\nBRUN: This is a personal broadcast.\n\nLEVIN: A broadcast performance?\n\nBRUN: Graf, and Boruch Shein.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/40305/file/111970#t=5728.0,5757.0"},{"id":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/40305/file/111970/transcript/39171/annotation/373","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"SEROTA: All right. Mr. Aye, or Leon Graf. Uh, okay.\n\nHere we have a picture of one of the gentlemen we spoke about before.\n\nBRUN: This is my friend, this Geese. When he was visiting Long Beach.\n\nSEROTA : He was the… he was your conductor when you were davenning in the Lodz ghetto?\n\nBRUN: Yes.\n\nLEVIN: And here we have a photograph. This looks like it was taken at a convention.\n\nBRUN: This is a, Irv Klein. A known hazzan in Miami Beach, with Oscar Julius and myself.\n\nLEVIN: What can you tell us about Oscar Julius? Who was he?\n\nBRUN: Who he was. He was the choir leader, the choir leader, with a capital A, capital Q.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/40305/file/111970#t=5757.0,5803.0"},{"id":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/40305/file/111970/transcript/39171/annotation/374","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"SEROTA: When did you work with him?\n\nBRUN: Several times on Maxwell House Coffee, on the radio.\n\nSEROTA: Yes.\n\nBRUN: And he was, at that time, a few times, he was conductor.\n\nSEROTA: What kind of things did you sing with him?\n\nBRUN: He was a, he was a very honest musician. You couldn’t make a, a mistake by him. Or if you made a mistake, you had to repeat it, and you have to do it the right way.\n\nI liked him very much; he had class.\n\nLEVIN: Compared to Sterner, for example. How would you compare Julius and Sterner?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/40305/file/111970#t=5803.0,5838.0"},{"id":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/40305/file/111970/transcript/39171/annotation/375","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BRUN: Two different worlds. Sterner was good with the Second Avenue. It’s a different type. But he, he has his own qualities, like everybody else.\n\nSEROTA: What were they?\n\nBRUN: In conducting, you need some temperament. He had temperament.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/40305/file/111970#t=5838.0,5865.0"},{"id":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/40305/file/111970/transcript/39171/annotation/376","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"SEROTA: That’s true. He has temperament.\n\nBRUN: He had temperament. But sometimes, temperament can be used and for the positive things, it could be used for negative. He occasionally used it for negatives.\n\nLEVIN: Only occasionally?\n\nBRUN: I remember one anecdote. I was talking to him, and all of a sudden a hazzan passes by — on the radio station. After my program. And he made a remark to the passing-by hazzan, which the hazzan didn’t like it. He got so violent, he started to curse and insult him.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/40305/file/111970#t=5865.0,9447.0"},{"id":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/40305/file/111970/transcript/39171/annotation/377","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So until Zislovsky came over and said, “Quiet down. This is not, this is not a ring place where you fight with each other. Can you quiet down or not?” he asked him. And he stopped.\n\nLEVIN: That was Sterner?\n\nBut Julius — you did, you did a lot of work with, would you say? You sang with him many times, Julius — with Oscar Julius?\n\nBRUN: Julius, yes. Professionally, I had a few occasions where it was a program, a radio program where I was participating for the Maxwell House Coffee program, every Sunday. And they’re teaching every time another, another cantor.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/40305/file/111970#t=9447.0,9543.0"},{"id":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/40305/file/111970/transcript/39171/annotation/378","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And I was fortunate enough to have Julius’ choir when I appeared at the Maxwell House Coffee program.\n\nLEVIN: And Julius was a trained musician?\n\nBRUN: Julius was the team musician. Correct in everything. He wouldn’t let you make a mistake, even one sixteenth.\n\nBRUN: And he, he did a lot of arrangements of a lot of, various composers. Did you ever sing — I mean, for example, he was very big on Kaminsky. Did you ever sing any of those compositions?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/40305/file/111970#t=9543.0,9581.0"},{"id":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/40305/file/111970/transcript/39171/annotation/379","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BRUN: No.\n\nSEROTA: When you sang with Julius on the radio, what did you sing with him?\n\nBRUN: I sang whatever, this, what I was singing by myself, without choir. I sang whatever I wanted.\n\nLEVIN: Yeah.\n\nBRUN: But when I had to sing a composition, a written-out composition, I sang what I had in cooperation with Oscar Julius.\n\nLEVIN: Do you remember any specific compositions that he did?\n\nBRUN: With Oscar Julius, I remember… not his. Abe Ellstein. (sings)… this is Ellstein. (Sings)","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/40305/file/111970#t=9581.0,9660.0"},{"id":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/40305/file/111970/transcript/39171/annotation/380","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And then the Cantor started — (sings)…are you acquainted with that?\n\nLEVIN: Yeah. Yeah. And did you do any of Julius’ own music? He wrote music himself.\n\nBRUN: I remember a thing, but I cannot recall the composition at all.\n\nSEROTA: Uh huh. I think once you did a Yom Simchas Kahm from Abras.\n\nBRUN: Yeah, this I sang. (Sings)","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/40305/file/111970#t=9660.0,9696.0"},{"id":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/40305/file/111970/transcript/39171/annotation/381","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Then the cantor starts. (Sings)","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/40305/file/111970#t=9696.0,9764.0"},{"id":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/40305/file/111970/transcript/39171/annotation/382","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"SEROTA: When you had these programs on the radio and you sang with a choir, did they have a lot of rehearsals?\n\nBRUN: No. He gave me the music, and I read it.\n\nLEVIN: So they just had one rehearsal?\n\nBRUN: On the spot.\n\nLEVIN: With the choir? One rehearsal — that’s it?\n\nBRUN: There were, there were occasions where I had to go to a rehearsal when he had other parts for me, and that was written down.\n\nFor instance, I remember a composition I sang, but this was not, this was not with Oscar Julius. It was a program with, with Silvers, was the choir, the choir leader.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/40305/file/111970#t=9764.0,9805.0"},{"id":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/40305/file/111970/transcript/39171/annotation/383","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"SEROTA: Sal Silvers?\n\nBRUN: Not Sal, his brother.\n\nSEROTA: Mark Silver?\n\nBRUN: Mark Silver. He gave me his music — we had to rehearse for Rosh Hashanah and (INAUDIBLE). And a classic composition.\n\nAnd I had a lot of criticism. “Why should” — one caller call me up — “Why should you sing something which is not in spirit with your talent, with your ability? I know that if you would sing something what you do always, everybody would like it. This is not, this is not Jewish.”","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/40305/file/111970#t=9805.0,9844.0"},{"id":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/40305/file/111970/transcript/39171/annotation/384","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"SEROTA: It was too modern for the listener?\n\nBRUN: Too modern, yeah.\n\nLEVIN: I want to return to what… we were talking about your experiences in the, in Europe after Lodz and when the Germans transported thousands, hundreds of thousands, millions of our people to the, to the murder camps. And you here, you are, we were just talking about your arrival at Auschwitz. And you, you were separated…","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/40305/file/111970#t=9844.0,9887.0"},{"id":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/40305/file/111970/transcript/39171/annotation/385","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BRUN: I was with my wife, with my son, and I took my son with me, and my wife went to the side where women and children were standing. All of a sudden, my wife came out from her, in the place where she was standing, and she said, “No, I want to be with my child. You will take care of yourself, and I will take care of our son.”\n\nAnd she ran back to the, to the kindering, to the people with, women with children. And since then, I didn’t see her, and she was sent in together with the millions of other people to the gas chambers. And this was my kurbon.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/40305/file/111970#t=9887.0,9946.0"},{"id":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/40305/file/111970/transcript/39171/annotation/386","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"MRS. BRUN: And they sent him to work.\n\nBRUN: Where I was, I….\n\nLEVIN: And your son was how old at the time?\n\nBRUN: Eleven years.\n\nLEVIN: Eleven years old. And he didn’t survive Auschwitz, either?\n\nBRUN: No. They put the children… every child was killed immediately. Those who were 14, 15 — maybe some of them were saved.\n\nLEVIN: And you, you were at Auschwitz when the, when the liberation came, or you were moved first?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/40305/file/111970#t=9946.0,9975.0"},{"id":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/40305/file/111970/transcript/39171/annotation/387","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BRUN: No. I was, in 1944, until erev Rosh Hashanah. Erev Rosh Hashanah I conducted — not I conducted, I went to the hospital — where the patients were dead people, three-quarters dead.\n\nLEVIN: At Auschwitz?\n\nBRUN: Or 90 percent. And I was told over there, when I will go to sing for them, some tefilot, you will get some food.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/40305/file/111970#t=9975.0,10002.0"},{"id":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/40305/file/111970/transcript/39171/annotation/388","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And I went to the hospital, and I sang my heart, whatever I remember. I started Unesaneh Tokef bar Rosh Hashanah, you could say another few tefilos, and the people, the patients there, they were not, they didn’t have no strength to be emotional, to be happy or to be satisfied. They didn’t, they didn’t respond to anything. After I was through with my program, the doctor who was in charge came over to me, and he gave me a box from cigarettes.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/40305/file/111970#t=10002.0,10040.0"},{"id":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/40305/file/111970/transcript/39171/annotation/389","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"No, first he gave me a soup, his soup. It was potatoes and milk. And we never dreamt to have a soup, because the doctors, they get better food, they got, get a better food. So he gave me that portion of soup of his, and then he gave me a box, an empty box from cigarettes. Emphasizing that the leftover from tobacco, sometimes could save your life, because this was worth more than diamonds.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/40305/file/111970#t=10040.0,10073.0"},{"id":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/40305/file/111970/transcript/39171/annotation/390","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I accepted it, I thanked him very much, and I left. This was the first, this was erev Rosh Hashanah. At night, I went, I was called to daven ma’ariv in the, by the Canadians. What does the word “Canadians” mean? There was a block, or a barrack from young Canadian Jewish boys who took care and cleaning out the wagons from the, from the Jewish people who were transported to Auschwitz. And I was invited by them, and I davenned ma’ariv.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/40305/file/111970#t=10073.0,10126.0"},{"id":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/40305/file/111970/transcript/39171/annotation/391","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And they stood, the barrack had two entrances and two exits — one on this side, and one on the other end. And they had their own people watching that the SS shouldn’t come in, or to watch if they come, if they came in.\n\nAnd after I was through with davenning, it’s not a full verse, not a quarter verse, I was called to the bed of some of the, some of the prisoners who were staying in that barrack. He introduced himself. He was the correspondent from the Jewish newspaper in Warsaw — the Moment was a Yiddish newspaper in Warsaw. Introduced himself and he told me.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/40305/file/111970#t=10126.0,10174.0"},{"id":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/40305/file/111970/transcript/39171/annotation/392","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"“The food what you’re hiding now” — I was given, but after the services, I was given — this one gave me a piece of bread, the other one gave me a piece of bread. This was my pay. “You better eat” — he gave a message to me — “You better eat it up now, but tomorrow, you don’t know if you’re going to live tomorrow.” And he, to him, it was like a monologue. “My sister died here, my brothers died here, my mother died here, and so will I.”","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/40305/file/111970#t=10174.0,10205.0"},{"id":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/40305/file/111970/transcript/39171/annotation/393","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"He tells me. “And you better eat it up; at least you will enjoy the eating.”\n\nAnd I ate as much I could, and then I was offered by somebody to accompany me out from the barrack and to walk to mine barrack. And I went away.\n\nAnd I went to lay down — I’m one of 1200 people on the floor. And we were in the barrack, laid out like sardines in a box. Not on shoulders, but on the sides.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/40305/file/111970#t=10205.0,10241.0"},{"id":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/40305/file/111970/transcript/39171/annotation/394","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And we was, and if you want to get up at night, to go for your, to go to look for a toilet — it didn’t exist any toilets — you had to walk on somebody’s body. So I was there in that barrack with 1200 people or so were laying out like sardines. And I survived the night.\n\nAnd the following morning, six o’clock, we were ordered to get out from the barrack, and standing. And the commandant, from that, from that barrack said, “Only young people, strong, strong enough to be accepted are allowed to stand up.”","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/40305/file/111970#t=10241.0,10291.0"},{"id":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/40305/file/111970/transcript/39171/annotation/395","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And I walked out, and I stood together with other young boys, and one of the Germans came over to me, and he put his hand on my shoulders, and he said in German, “De kettel canna kernaharbaten.” That means, “This guy can still work.” And I was selected among 200 people, young people, to be sent to a coal mine.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/40305/file/111970#t=10291.0,10322.0"},{"id":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/40305/file/111970/transcript/39171/annotation/396","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"But over there, I received my number. This is, this was my number. And it’s, and I was, we all were ordered to stand and wait until we will be called to have those numbers tattooed on our arms.\n\nAnd meanwhile, I had something to cover my head, and I said to a few Jewish people which were standing to me, “Let’s, I will recite a few prayers, and you just follow me.” Again, I said, “Hinninim, hinni onem me mas…”","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/40305/file/111970#t=10322.0,10368.0"},{"id":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/40305/file/111970/transcript/39171/annotation/397","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I said, the beginning I started sh'ma Yisroel. And we were ordered to stay in line to get the jackets with the red crosses painted on the back that we are prisoners.\n\nSo we were ordered to wait for the bus. When we waited for the bus, people in desperation said, “This is our last walk.”","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/40305/file/111970#t=10368.0,10400.0"},{"id":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/40305/file/111970/transcript/39171/annotation/398","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Because they were nearing to a bus where people who were designated to, to go there on the bus, saw letters in French and in other languages, and those, the buses were emptied out by people who came from different parts of Europe.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/40305/file/111970#t=10400.0,10425.0"},{"id":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/40305/file/111970/transcript/39171/annotation/399","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So I waited until we were ordered to get up on the buses, and one — you have a picture here, a young man with a, a father and son, his name was Friedman, and his son was saved. He was about eighteen or nineteen years. And he said “I know that we are not going to survive, but, I want, in case my son does survive…” he made a statement to me, “I don’t want him to marry a Jewish girl”. This is in desperation, he said.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/40305/file/111970#t=10425.0,10461.0"},{"id":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/40305/file/111970/transcript/39171/annotation/400","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"“And I want him to get married with a non-Jewish girl and to get born to non-Jewish children, because I don’t want my, my children or grandchildren should have the same fate what I had, what my, my family had.”\n\nBut why do I mention this? Years later, when I was working in Tel Aviv, this man — his name was Friedman — was walking with the same son, the son in a uniform from the Israeli army. And I greeted him, “What do you say?\n\n0","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/40305/file/111970#t=10461.0,10496.0"},{"id":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/40305/file/111970/transcript/39171/annotation/401","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Your son is going to get married to a non-Jewish girl? Oh, no.” And he kissed me and hugged me. “You were right. You were right. You were right.”\n\nHis name was Friedman. And for history, it’s worth it to mention his name. And he was from Radom, Poland. And he survived the, he survived whatever happened — lately I don’t know. But I had the privilege to save something by saying a few good words.\n\nLEVIN: And then you, where did you find yourself when, when the liberation came? When…","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/40305/file/111970#t=10496.0,10534.0"},{"id":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/40305/file/111970/transcript/39171/annotation/402","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BRUN: When liberation came, I was in a concentration camp, Ebensee. Ebensee was affiliated from Mauthausen — you heard of Mauthausen?\n\nLEVIN: Mmmm-hmmm.\n\nBRUN: Whoever was in Mauthausen was shipped out to Ebensee. It was a, it was a camp which very few people survived. Because they didn’t do anything to them — they just, they starved them. And they beat them.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/40305/file/111970#t=10534.0,10561.0"},{"id":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/40305/file/111970/transcript/39171/annotation/403","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"In order to get through one day, it was miracles. The food was, as such, a piece of bread and a plate of water. Supposed to be a potato soup, but the workers in the kitchen, they saw to it that the potatoes would be eaten by them, not by the prisoners. And I survived that.\n\nOne day, I felt so desperate for a little food, that I said, if I’m not going to get any food, I will not survive. This was the last, the last few months in the war.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/40305/file/111970#t=10561.0,10603.0"},{"id":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/40305/file/111970/transcript/39171/annotation/404","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And I walked over to the bakery, that they baked bread for the prisoners. And I announced loud, “I am a singer and I would like to sing for you.” I announced this loud because the, the kapo, the head of the bakery, looked out. And they didn’t know what to do. I mean, those who were working in the kitchen, they didn’t know what to do, and they looked at him.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/40305/file/111970#t=10603.0,10636.0"},{"id":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/40305/file/111970/transcript/39171/annotation/405","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And the kapo was a criminal. And they called it the fabricha, or criminal — he was, he served a life sentence, and Hitler took him out to be supervising the camps.\n\nI yelled, “I am a singer and I would like to sing for you.” The head from the camp, the criminal, told me, “You’re going to make, you’re going to be a head shorter. Ein kopf kilfer. When this will prove that you’re not saying the truth.”","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/40305/file/111970#t=10636.0,10676.0"},{"id":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/40305/file/111970/transcript/39171/annotation/406","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And apparently, I was lucky — he accepted me to come into the kitchen and to sing. And I sang, I remember, I sang, Italian, because there were a lot Italian, I sang German, I sang Russian — there were a lot of Russians prisoners. And they started to give me bread, their own bread. And the kapo, the leader from the kitchen, told me, “You will get every day your food. When you come when I will not be here you will come into my room.”","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/40305/file/111970#t=10676.0,10713.0"},{"id":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/40305/file/111970/transcript/39171/annotation/407","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"He had a separate room, the kitchen kapo. And he saved my life with giving me food. This was not enough. Then he was changed to a different job. I was left without food. ‘Cause you couldn’t survive without help, without any additional food, you couldn’t, you couldn’t survive the last few months. Again, I went to the bakery. And I announced, “I am a singer. I would like to sing for you. Let me in, please. I’ll sing for you and you will enjoy it.”","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/40305/file/111970#t=10713.0,10753.0"},{"id":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/40305/file/111970/transcript/39171/annotation/408","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It, it took guts to do it. Because they could come out and beat me up to death. And they told me to come in. And I came in there, and I announced, “I’m going to sing a Russian song.” I sang — of course, there were a lot of Russians working in the kitchen. Then I sang an Italian song. Then I sang a German song. And they started to give me a lot of food. But I wasn’t happy. Why wasn’t I happy? Because this is one shot — to go out with food hidden under my garment, they would kill me on the way to my barrack.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/40305/file/111970#t=10753.0,10794.0"},{"id":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/40305/file/111970/transcript/39171/annotation/409","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So I ate it up, and I asked them, and I want to ask them how do I get bread tomorrow, and after tomorrow? The kapo called me over to him. And I sold him something. I told him I was a student in Vienna and I had a furnished room, I’m a bletha sinar.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/40305/file/111970#t=10794.0,10821.0"},{"id":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/40305/file/111970/transcript/39171/annotation/410","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And the owner of the apartment, a woman, a Jewish woman, she had a hiding place under a picture for, of her departed husband, and I watched her all the time, whenever I had a chance, to see what she is looking — she used to take off the picture from the wall, and she used to take out something, and she hang up again the picture. And I assumed that she must hide, she must hiding something there.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/40305/file/111970#t=10821.0,10850.0"},{"id":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/40305/file/111970/transcript/39171/annotation/411","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And I told him, the kapo from the bakery, “You know what? If you promise me — let’s make an agreement. You give me bread all the time until the liberation, and you will take all the jewelry, whatever it’s hidden there.” And he told me to make out a certificate, a document. I took a paper from, a paper from the paper sacks what I used for cement, and I wrote him down, “I, Abraham Brun, giving the right to open this high place to Mr. so-and-so and whatever he will find, belongs to him.”","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/40305/file/111970#t=10850.0,10891.0"},{"id":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/40305/file/111970/transcript/39171/annotation/412","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And I had bread to eat until I was liberated. Wasn’t that a ness min hashamayim?\n\nLEVIN: Yep.\n\nBRUN: But the, the einfar — I sold him something which wasn’t mine.\n\nMRS. BRUN: That wasn’t there, maybe.\n\nLEVIN: Yeah. Probably wasn’t there anyway, by the time…\n\nBRUN: But he bought it.\n\nSEROTA: You were a tipster; you gave him information as to where it could be located. \n\nLEVIN: And when, you were liberated, who, you were liberated, your camp was liberated by the…","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/40305/file/111970#t=10891.0,10921.0"},{"id":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/40305/file/111970/transcript/39171/annotation/413","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BRUN: My camp…\n\nLEVIN: Which army?\n\nBRUN: Mauthausen.\n\nMRS. BRUN: Which…\n\nLEVIN: No, but which… was it the Americans, or the…\n\nBRUN: No, no. I was in Ebensee, which I was sent from Mauthausen to Ebensee. And the Americans liberated us.\n\nLEVIN: It was in the, it was in the American zone?\n\nBRUN: It was in American zone; it was in 1945, May the 7th. And I was standing with another Jew, watching the tank — they were three stories high — with American soldiers, throwing down upon us chocolate blocks, chocolate and goodies.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/40305/file/111970#t=10921.0,10959.0"},{"id":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/40305/file/111970/transcript/39171/annotation/414","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And the man with whom I was standing — he was a Hungarian Jew, and he used to hang around; wherever I was, he was standing near me. And he was standing, and he tells me, “Why are you staying here? They’re giving out the soups now. What are you looking from them?” I said, “You’re looking for a soup while they’re giving here the goodies and the best things of these, and everything?” But he was so used….\n\nAnd who was that man? An Hungarian Jew. A violinist, a concert violinist.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/40305/file/111970#t=10959.0,10998.0"},{"id":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/40305/file/111970/transcript/39171/annotation/415","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And I went back to my barrack, and I was told not to go out, because you might be killed by other prisoners. When they will find out, they will suspect you, that you will have some food hidden. And they will kill you and they will take it — there was no law, or nothing. The guards were gone. So I was advised by another prisoner to sleep over there in the camp.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/40305/file/111970#t=10998.0,11027.0"},{"id":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/40305/file/111970/transcript/39171/annotation/416","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And May the 8th, I walked out from the camp by myself. The sun was shining; it was a bright day — May the 8th, 1945. And I arrived to a small town, Gumunden. Gumunden, Austria. And one of my glasses were broken. You know, from the, from the camp. Or from beating up. And I ask somebody, “Could you please tell me where is an optometrist here? Or the one who makes glasses?”","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/40305/file/111970#t=11027.0,11065.0"},{"id":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/40305/file/111970/transcript/39171/annotation/417","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And I was shown, by a German, by an Austrian goy, and I walked in, and I said, “I cannot function without my glasses. Could you please give me glasses?” I gave it in the form of an order. And I got glasses. And from there, with my glasses on, I needed another ride to a different place, where I was told, “If you will reach that place, you will be treated like a king.”","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/40305/file/111970#t=11065.0,11103.0"},{"id":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/40305/file/111970/transcript/39171/annotation/418","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And I invoked, I took a chance and I was walking to a village nearby. And with the address, and with the name of that German. And I came in and I saw a German, an Austrian, in civilian dress, taking care in his garden. And I told him, “I was told that you were a good one, and you didn’t participate in any atrocities against the Jews.” And I introduced myself, politely.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/40305/file/111970#t=11103.0,11138.0"},{"id":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/40305/file/111970/transcript/39171/annotation/419","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And he checked everything with his wife, if it will be all right for her and him to make sure that I will be staying in his house. And they gave me a room, with the most luxurious bed and everything, and I stayed, and they gave me food.\n\nBut I was thinking, “How safe am I?” Because the SS people — they were hiding from the Americans — were in the same village. They could kill me.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/40305/file/111970#t=11138.0,11175.0"},{"id":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/40305/file/111970/transcript/39171/annotation/420","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So I, I told this good, so-called good Austrian, “How do I manage now to survive here, because I see so many SS people around here, walking every morning.” They could easily kill me; there was no law and order.\n\nHe gave me another address. I should go to another place. And I went, which he told me, these places and these addresses are checked by the underground who were against Hitler.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/40305/file/111970#t=11175.0,11208.0"},{"id":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/40305/file/111970/transcript/39171/annotation/421","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And this, this they recommend to those who survived the war. And I went there, and I was given a luxurious room in a palatial home. And I got sick with the, the fever, flecktuphus, typhus. I was taken to the hospital. And to, after a week time, they put me in the basement, for those who were ready to die. But I was, my head was working very good, my mind.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/40305/file/111970#t=11208.0,11247.0"},{"id":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/40305/file/111970/transcript/39171/annotation/422","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I said, “What do I do?” It’s in the basement. There’s no light there. And they put me on there to die, together with those who were helpless, and had no hope. And every day, doctors, American doctors, came to check if the number of people are right. And one American doctor — I suspected that he was Jewish, with black eyes, with black hair — and I said, “They put me down here, and I feel good. I want back, to go back to my bed.”","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/40305/file/111970#t=11247.0,11282.0"},{"id":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/40305/file/111970/transcript/39171/annotation/423","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"He immediately gave an order to the nurse — “Out from here for this man, for this patient. Back to the room.” And I stayed another eight or ten days in the hospital, till I felt stronger, and I was released. From there, from the hospital, I went to Salzburg. In Salzburg, there were, the Jewish Legion were active.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/40305/file/111970#t=11282.0,11316.0"},{"id":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/40305/file/111970/transcript/39171/annotation/424","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"They prepared transports, autobuses, to take those people who want to go to Israel to take to Italy, and I volunteered. This was the British zone already, and they took me to Italy. In Italy, I landed in Bologna — you heard of a city, Bologna?\n\nLEVIN: Sure.\n\nBRUN: No doubt. From Bologna…\n\nLEVIN: You went from Bologna to a port city, to go to Palestine?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/40305/file/111970#t=11316.0,11348.0"},{"id":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/40305/file/111970/transcript/39171/annotation/425","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BRUN: No, no, Bari, this is later.\n\nLEVIN: Later.\n\nBRUN: I went to Bari, too. But from Bologna, I went to the city where he was born and raised — the famous tenor, Pavarotti.\n\nLEVIN: Oh, Modena.\n\nBRUN: Modena. And in Modena, I was sleeping on the stones, and it was thousands of Jewish people slept — there was no place for anybody else to find a place.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/40305/file/111970#t=11348.0,11377.0"},{"id":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/40305/file/111970/transcript/39171/annotation/426","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"But I got somewhere, an accommodation near a rabbi who is now in Hartford. Rabbi… his father was the rabbi in Hartford.\n\nLEVIN: Lindenthal?\n\nBRUN: No.\n\nLEVIN: No.\n\nBRUN: He said, he came over, introduced himself, and I introduced myself and we became friendly. And he told me that he was the rabbi from, the Robitcher Rav’s son. The Robitch in Galicia. But this is not of importance.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/40305/file/111970#t=11377.0,14959.0"},{"id":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/40305/file/111970/transcript/39171/annotation/427","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Over there, I was asked, by the Jew-… by the leaders of the Jewish community — they find out that I’m a hazzan — to daven in their shul. The High Holidays.\n\nLEVIN: In Modena?\n\nBRUN: In Modena. And I davenned in Modena for the 1945 Rosh Hashanah-Yom Kippur, and the Jewish people consisted of intellectuals — professors in colleges, doctors of medicine — all kind of professions. And they, they embraced me, and they told me, “Marry plain, and plain,” one of them spoke German, and one of them spoke to me in Italian — I knew a little bit Italian from my studies in Vienna.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/40305/file/111970#t=14959.0,15062.0"},{"id":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/40305/file/111970/transcript/39171/annotation/428","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"He told me, “Stay with us. Continue your training. You could become a concert singer with continuing training. We will pay for everything. You will do just… you will have to have patience. And we will, we will, we will work with you.”\n\nAnd I told him, “I want to go to Israel.” At that time, it was a true statement. I wanted, by hook and crook, to go to Israel.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/40305/file/111970#t=15062.0,15097.0"},{"id":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/40305/file/111970/transcript/39171/annotation/429","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So after the High Holidays, I left Modena. And I went to Milan. From Milan, I went to Bari. From Bari to Santa Maria, from Santa Maria to Santa Cesare, where we were sleeping in luxurious places belonged to the fascists, eating almonds a lot. And eggs, hard-boiled eggs. And maybe bread.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/40305/file/111970#t=15097.0,15132.0"},{"id":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/40305/file/111970/transcript/39171/annotation/430","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"But after a few days, I saw no, no way of contentment in this environment. And one morning, I got up, I davenned, I had already tvill, and I went to the buses, where the military buses left for, for Naples. And I, with a tremendous force and vigor, I went to the back of the, of the bus, and I put myself, I lift myself up, and here I was. I was on the bus, and the bus took me to Naples.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/40305/file/111970#t=15132.0,15176.0"},{"id":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/40305/file/111970/transcript/39171/annotation/431","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"In Naples, I was told to go to the Jewish community leadership, and I told them that I came here to spend my time until I’ll go to Israel. He told me that there is a kibbutz here. The kibbutz was called Kibbutz Hatikvah, for people who have relatives in the, in the British Army. And I remember distinctly, and I was given the address, for this — Montevideo 46, Montevideo — is in this, the Holy Mountain.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/40305/file/111970#t=15176.0,15218.0"},{"id":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/40305/file/111970/transcript/39171/annotation/432","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Holy Mountain, in English. And I went up there, and it was a Friday, and I told him my purpose of coming to here, and I told him I’m a hazzan. “You will stay until, over Shabbes.” Friday night, they had an oneg shabbat. And I don’t know who told him — it was a speaker from Israel, was Josef Baratz, who was a famous name in the kibbutz movement.\n\n2:","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/40305/file/111970#t=15218.0,11650.0"},{"id":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/40305/file/111970/transcript/39171/annotation/433","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And I heard my name introducing — “We have here a hazzan. We will invite him to the podium to sing zemirot l’Shabbat, Shabbat.” I went up to the podium and I sang. And they offered me to stay with them as a relative.\n\nBut over that kibbutz, you could only be a relative to the soldiers to the Jewish legion in the British army. And I stayed there. And I got a function — I was working for the British. And I went to the Military Club, I davenned Friday night for the omed, as a hazzan, as a chaplain.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/40305/file/111970#t=11650.0,18891.0"},{"id":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/40305/file/111970/transcript/39171/annotation/434","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And I befriended, befriended a lot of people. Among them, captains in the British Army. One woman came over with an envelope she gave me. She told me, “I am a daughter from a hazzan. And I want you to accept it. And to remember.” She didn’t name, she didn’t tell me the name of her father. She went, “I’m a daughter from a hazzan. And I want you to accept this.” It was a nice amount of money. And I thanked her very much.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/40305/file/111970#t=18891.0,18924.0"},{"id":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/40305/file/111970/transcript/39171/annotation/435","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And then I was invited, each and every time, to sing, to daven Kabbalat Shabbat, and to lead them in oneg Shabbat. So I became a, a Neapolitan. I, I have, there are a series of pictures taken with famous Jews.\n\nLEVIN: But you were, in Naples, you were waiting, essentially, to go to Palestine.\n\nBRUN: Of course.\n\nLEVIN: And you got to Palestine?\n\nBRUN: I got to Palestine, and I was, I had saved two British pounds, or one pound, and I put them up in the cuff from my, in the back from my socks.\n\nLEVIN: Yeah.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/40305/file/111970#t=18924.0,18971.0"},{"id":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/40305/file/111970/transcript/39171/annotation/436","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BRUN: And we were told when we arrived in Haifa, we were told, “Leave everything behind you. You will need nothing. You will get everything when you’ll arrive from Haifa.” But to my disappointment, my pound, the British pound, wasn’t there.\n\nAnd I was placed in beit olim. You know beit olim was…\n\nLEVIN: Beit olim.\n\nBRUN: Bat Kalim, Bat Kalim, in Haifa. This is a…. And over there, I was standing, and I was fed there.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/40305/file/111970#t=18971.0,19004.0"},{"id":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/40305/file/111970/transcript/39171/annotation/437","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"One day, I walked over to the, to the, to the, the one who takes care in the camp, “I’m tired of getting up in the morning and to go to take my coffee and my, my bread. I would like to go to be a civilian.” He took out a pound. A British pound — it was a lot of money. He gave me from his pocket, he told me, “When you will make it, you will give me back. Not before.”","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/40305/file/111970#t=19004.0,19041.0"},{"id":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/40305/file/111970/transcript/39171/annotation/438","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And I went up to the bus, I paid for my bus fare, and they took me to a Rechov Hofes — I don’t know if you’re acquainted with Haifa. And the bus stopped there, near the shul where I eventually became hazzan in Haifa.\n\nLEVIN: Amek Azi?\n\nBRUN: Rechov Herzl. Rechov Herzl.\n\nLEVIN: And then, what, what brought you to the United States?\n\nBRUN: Wait — I’ll come to it.\n\nLEVIN: When did… yeah.\n\nBRUN: I’ll come to it.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/40305/file/111970#t=19041.0,19073.0"},{"id":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/40305/file/111970/transcript/39171/annotation/439","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And when I arrived, at Rechov Herzl, and I was standing without a hat, without cover, I didn’t have anything to cover my head, and I was standing in front from the shul where I eventually became hazzan with another (?) merkazi in Haifa, I was crying, “All the shuls, are the temples are burned. And here, I see…”. And I was crying. A man came over, and he was a owner of a hat, selling hats and caps. And I said to him, I wanted to go into a shul, but I have no cap.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/40305/file/111970#t=19073.0,19113.0"},{"id":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/40305/file/111970/transcript/39171/annotation/440","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"He took me under my arm, he took me into the store, and he asked me choose a hat, and I choose a straw hat. And he gave me the money. Of course, I paid him back.\n\nAnd I went to the shul, and eventually, I became a hazzan in that shul.\n\nLEVIN: The same synagogue where, where Heilman was…\n\nSEROTA: No, Heilman was in a different synagogue.\n\nLEVIN: Is this Haifa Central Synagogue?\n\nBRUN: Who? Ezra Heilman?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/40305/file/111970#t=19113.0,19141.0"},{"id":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/40305/file/111970/transcript/39171/annotation/441","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"SEROTA: Heilman was in a different shul.\n\nBRUN: Not, not in Haifa. Heilman was in Tel Aviv.\n\nSEROTA: Heilman was in… I thought he was in Haifa.\n\nLEVIN: In Haifa, as Mann as the hazzan.\n\nMRS. BRUN: Maybe before you came.\n\nBRUN: Oh, you’re talking about the choir leader.\n\nLEVIN: Yeah, the choir leader.\n\nBRUN: He was in the up, and I was down. Down was Beis Midrash Hamerkazi…\n\nSEROTA: Uh huh.\n\nBRUN: Top was a Beit Haknesset Hamerkazi.\n\nLEVIN: Ah! Okay! I knew it was a ‘merkazi’, I couldn’t…\n\nBRUN: Yeah.\n\nLEVIN: And how many years were you in…\n\nBRUN: Two and a half years.\n\nLEVIN: And then?\n\nBRUN: And then I went to America.\n\nLEVIN: Why?\n\nMRS. BRUN: He met me.\n\nBRUN: ‘Cause I…\n\nLEVIN: That’s what I’m… where did he meet you?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/40305/file/111970#t=19141.0,19178.0"},{"id":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/40305/file/111970/transcript/39171/annotation/442","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"MRS. BRUN: In Haifa.\n\nLEVIN: Oh, you were in, in Haifa?\n\nBRUN: She had a sister there.\n\nLEVIN: She was just…\n\nMRS. BRUN: And I had a sister in America, too, and she sent…\n\nBRUN: I’ll tell, I’ll give you more, I like to marry her.\n\nLEVIN: Because of you, he’s a yored.\n\nBRUN: No, no, no, now, I want to tell you something. In order to get a job, another job, what I had, I could only go one more place. To wait until will die, somebody will die or will be fired.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/40305/file/111970#t=19178.0,19202.0"},{"id":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/40305/file/111970/transcript/39171/annotation/443","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And this, I didn’t want. So I decided I’ll go to America.\n\nAnd we went to America…\n\nLEVIN: You got married first?\n\nBRUN: Of course, we got married. We got married, and the wedding was conducted by three rabbis, which all, they were all in my shul. Ha’rav Assaf — he was the author of many books, many books, about Jewish lore. And Ha’rav… the others you would not… Kanir — famous rabbi. And another rav….","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/40305/file/111970#t=19202.0,19243.0"},{"id":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/40305/file/111970/transcript/39171/annotation/444","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And one, at the wedding ceremony, they all delivered speeches. And one, Ha’rav Assaf, delivered was, it was delivered in this way: “I can say about the hazzan this way, something. In order to get, to become a rabbi, you have to, you have to get a smicha from another man, or another (?), another rabbi. Right? In order to become a doctor, you have to have the approval or the, or the, from another doctor. And so on — a lawyer from another lawyer.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/40305/file/111970#t=19243.0,19281.0"},{"id":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/40305/file/111970/transcript/39171/annotation/445","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"But our hazzan, the hazzan, he got his certificate, his voice, from the baruch (?) — from God Almighty.” And he put it in, in such a nice way, I will never forget this.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://milken.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1159/collection_resources/40305/file/111970#t=19281.0,8509.67467"}]}]}]}